1. Unit 3: New Empires and New Faiths
Ancient Rome (chapters 8 and 9)
Romans invented concrete and used the arch in building
The Rise of Christianity (chapter 10)
Christians helped shape the West’s religious beliefs
Islamic Civilization (chapter 11)
Muslims spread the religion of Islam and invented algebra

2. Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome
Katya, Brittany, and Rachel
Standard 6.7: Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures during the development of Rome.

3. California State Standards
6.7.1: Identify the location and describe the rise of the Roman Republic, including the importance of such mythical and historical figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus, Cincinnatus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero.
6.7.2: Describe the government of the Roman Republic and its significance (e.g., written constitution and tripartie government, checks and balances, civic duty).
6.7.3: Identify the location of and the political and geographic reasons for the growth of Roman territories and expansion of the empire, including how the empire fostered economic growth through the use of currency and trade routes.
6.7.4: Discuss the influence of Julius Caesar and Augustus in Rome’s transition from republic to empire.
6.7.8: Discuss the legacies of Roman art and architecture, technology and science, literature, language, and law.
7.1.1: Study the early strengths and lasting contributions of Rome and its ultimate internal weaknesses.

4. Location of Rome Italy: peninsula in Mediterranean region
Surrounded by mountains and seas
Mild climate, good farming
Earliest inhabitants BCE
15 miles upriver from Mediterranean Sea
7 hills
Easy crossing of the Tiber River

5. Rome’s Beginnings Historians are not sure how Rome began
Latins lived in huts on hills (c BCE), banded together for protection ( BCE)
Two legends of Rome’s beginnings
Romulus and Remus
Aeneas

6. Romulus and Remus Traditional story
Twins abandoned near Tiber River; rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd
Decided to build city in 753 BCE
Romulus killed Remus, became first king of Rome

7. Aeneas Aeneid, epic by Virgil
After Greek capture of Troy, Aeneas unites Trojans and Latins Weeping, I drew away from our old country....I took to the open sea, borne outward into exile with my good people, my son, my hearth goods, and the greater gods....Now making landfall under the southwind there, I plotted out on that curved shore the walls of a colony--though fate opposed it--and I devised the name Aeneadae for the people, from my own. -Virgil, Aeneid

8. Early Influences Greeks
Olives and grapes; alphabet; architecture, sculpture, and literature
Etruscans
After 650 BCE, controlled Rome and most of Latium
Skilled and rich; good military
Wood and brick houses; public buildings surrounding central square; style of dress; army model

9. Early Roman Republic Etruscan rule Rome becomes wealthy, powerful
Romans rebel in 509 BCE, overthrow Tarquins, form republic
Republic: a form of government in which the leader is put in office by citizens with the right to vote
Citizens have power

10. Rome at War 200 years of fighting
338 BCE, Romans defeated other Latins; attacked Etruscans
284 BCE, Romans defeated Etruscans
267 BCE, Romans conquered Greeks in southern Italy

11. The Roman Army
Early Republic: all male citizens who owned land; later, professional soldiers
Legions: groups of 6000, divided into groups of
Legionary: Roman soldier
Armor made of iron strips joined with leather
Shield made from wood, covered with leather or cloth
Weapons: gladius (short sword) and pilum (spear)

12. Roman Confederation Some conquered peoples granted full citizenship
Could vote, serve in government, protected by law
Others considered allies
Could run own local affairs, but paid taxes to Republic
Loyal allies could become citizens
Republic grew strong and unified