1. The Cold War Deepens 15.2 The Early Cold War Years (Appleby 540-545)

2. Today’s Agenda Begin 15.2 Presentations begin Monday Homework
Read 15.2
Be ready for a reading quiz

3. Let’s Review What is Containment?
What did Churchill mean by “iron curtain”?
What is the Truman Doctrine?
What was the Marshall Plan?
What is Wirtschaftswunder?

4. Why was Berlin a major point of contention in the Cold War?
Berlin was divided into Zones
Was within Soviet controlled Germany
(Stalin) Resented democratic outpost
Soviets tried to force all Berliners to use their currency
Blockaded the city and shut off power
2 million West Berliners held hostage
Running out of food, water, medicine

5. What would you do if you were Truman?
Write a list of options.
Circle the best course of action.

6. How did Truman deal with the Crisis in Berlin?
His Options
Order troops to break through
Risk starting WWIII
Give it up to Stalin
Domino Effect
“We are going to stay- period.”
Berlin Airlift
Took advantage of air corridors and started an airlift of needed supplies
Flew milk, food, etc. for 11 months
Planes landed every 11 minutes
Results
Raised American status in the world
Stalin lifted the blockade after 11 months

7. Berlin Airlift

8. Newspaper Headline
Write a headline, subheading and paragraph that reflects the historical moment of this photograph.
Citizen of Berlin watching American planes loaded with supplies land, Summer 1948.

9. Today’s Agenda Collect Homework Review NATO Presentation Finish 15.2
Review your notes

10. Let’s Review
What is the term for the hostility between the US and USSR that emerged after WWII?
Describe the condition of USSR after WWII.
How was Truman different from FDR?
What did the Potsdam agreement do with Germany/Berlin?
Why was Berlin a major point of tension during the Cold War?
What is the term for the prison like atmosphere of Soviet-controlled Europe?
How did Truman handle the Soviet blockade of Berlin?

11. NATO Presentation

12. What is NATO? After Berlin Crisis US formed alliances
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Alliance of 12 nations formed to stop the spread of communism
An attack on one nation is considered an attack on all
Soviets responded by forming the Warsaw Pact

14. What was the result of the civil war in China?
US supported anticommunist named Chiang Kai Shek
Truman gave Shek $3 billion in aid
Told him to clean up corruption
Shek ignored Truman
Mao Zedong (communist leader)
Gave peasants land and set up police force
Peasants felt protected by Mao
Mao won in 1949
US feared Soviets would dominate all of Asia and that communism would spread
Domino Effect
Was containment failing?

15. Red China

16. Why did North Korea invade South Korea?
Korea taken over by Japan during WWII
After war:
Divided between Soviets (North) and Americans (South) along the 38th parallel
Plan was to eventually reunite Korea
But under which kind of government would it have?
North Korea had been militarized & communized by Soviets
North invaded South June 1950

17. Describe the Korean War.
Known as the Accordion War or Forgotten War
Truman got UN to support military action against N. Korea
USSR not present to veto
UN forces were driven back to S. Eastern coast (Pusan)
MacArthur led naval invasion near Inchon Sept. 1950
Drove N. Korea back across Chinese border
BUT THEN
Chinese attacked UN forces and drove them back to 38th parallel in Nov.1950
War became stalemate

18. Why did Truman fire MacArthur?
If we lose the war to communism in Asia the fall of Europe is inevitable, win it and Europe most probably would avoid war and yet preserve freedom. As you pointed out, we must win. There is no substitute for victory.
---- MacArthur
MacArthur
Wanted to use nuclear weapons on China
Issued China an ultimatum as Truman was trying to negotiate a cease fire
publicly criticized Truman for fighting a limited war
“In war there is no substitute for victory.”
Truman
Fired (MacArthur) for Insubordination
Very unpopular decision (to fire MacArthur)
War with China would likely lead to war with Soviet Union also or weaken US position in Europe
I fired MacArthur because he wouldn’t respect the authority of the president. I didn’t fire him because he was a dumb son of a b****, although he was. — Harry S. Truman

19. What would you do? Was Truman correct in firing MacArthur or should he have followed his advice and bomb China?

20. MacArthur and the Korean War

21. What were the results of the Korean War?
Fought to a stalemate from July ’51 to July ’53
Armistice declared by 1954
Korea divided along the 38th parallel
North= communist
South= democratic
Started Arms race
US drastically increased defense spending
Had 3.5 million men in military
750 nuclear warheads
Began aiding democratic forces in Vietnam