1. History of Ancient India 2300 BC–AD 500
Chapter 19 Test Review
History of Ancient India 2300 BC–AD 500

2. Question #1
The Ancient Indian cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were located near what river?

3. The Ancient Indian cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were located near what river?
*Indus River

4. Question #2
The Harappan civilization is regarded as India’s first civilization, yet was located in what modern country?

5. The Harappan civilization is regarded as India’s first civilization, yet was located in what modern country?
•Pakistan

6. Question #3
For what purpose did the Harappans travel into southern India and as far away as Mesopotamia?

7. For what purpose did the Harappans travel into southern India and as far away as Mesopotamia?
*trade (they traded for raw materials to makes items such as pottery

8. Question #4
Discoveries indicate the ancient Harappans developed India’s first writing system. However, this writing has yet to be translated. Explain.

9. Discoveries indicate the ancient Harappans developed India’s first writing system. However, this writing has yet to be translated. Explain.
˚only short passages have been discovered (not sure how an English translation is provided!!)

10. Question #5
What evidence suggests the Harappans were skilled engineers?

11. What evidence suggests the Harappans were skilled engineers?
•their cities were well-planned and included sewer systems and indoor plumbing

12. Question #6
What is indicated by the discovery of Harappan statues that included elaborate clothing and jewelry?

13. What is indicated by the discovery of Harappan statues that included elaborate clothing and jewelry?
˚Harappan society had a class system

14. Question #7
Knowledge of the Aryans comes mostly from what source?

15. Knowledge of the Aryans comes mostly from what source?
˚the Vedas

16. Question #8
Identify the leaders of Aryan communities and villages.

17. Identify the leaders of Aryan communities and villages.
˚groups within communities were led by skilled warriors; villages were led by rajas (kings)

18. Question #9
Identify the Aryan language.

19. Identify the Aryan language.
˚Sanskrit

20. Question #10
Identify, in order from high to low, the 4 varnas.

21. Identify, in order from high to low, the 4 varnas.
Brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudra
*remember that the untouchables were not considered a part of society
(a better image appears on page 479 of the Eastern World textbook)

22. Question #11
How could the caste system be changed?

23. How could the caste system be changed?
˚individual castes gained or lost favor in society

24. Question #12
What part of the caste system was considered most important by the Aryans?

25. What part of the caste system was considered most important by the Aryans?
˚following the rules (rules included marrying someone only from the same class)

26. Question #13
List 3 things contained in the Vedic texts.

27. List 3 things contained in the Vedic texts.
reflections by religious people
descriptions of religious rituals
descriptions of secret rituals

28. Question #14
How are the Vedas and Vedic texts related?

29. How are the Vedas and Vedic texts related?
•the Vedic texts are a collection of thoughts on the Vedas

30. Question #15
What is the most common religion in India today?

31. What is the most common religion in India today?
˚Hinduism (more than 80% of Indians are Hindus)

32. Question #16
Identify 3 major Hindu gods.

33. Identify 3 major Hindu gods.
Brahma (the Creator)
Siva (the Destroyer)
Vishnu (the Preserver)

34. Question #17
How is the afterlife for a Hindu different than for a Christian?

35. How is the afterlife for a Hindu different than for a Christian?
•Hindus believe in reincarnation, the process of rebirth. It may take several lifetimes to escape the illusion and eventually be one with Brahman.

36. Question #18
Describe karma and its impact on reincarnation.

37. Describe karma and its impact on reincarnation.
˚karma is the results on the soul of a person based on his/her actions; karma determines rebirth

38. Question #19
What is the main duty of Hindus?

39. What is the main duty of Hindus?
•to accept his/her place in the world

40. Question #20
How did early Hindu teachings discriminate against women?

41. How did early Hindu teachings discriminate against women?
*women were not permitted to study the Vedas

42. Question #21
Who founded Jainism?
How many of these apples would a strict Jain be allowed to eat? Explain your answer

43. Who founded Jainism? Mahariva
Question #21
Who founded Jainism?
Mahariva
How many of these apples would a strict Jain be allowed to eat? Explain your answer
12---Jains will only eat fruit that has naturally fallen to the ground.

44. Question #22
What is the basic belief of followers of Jainism?

45. What is the basic belief of followers of Jainism?
*nonviolence

46. Question #23
Describe the early childhood of Siddhartha Gautama.

47. Describe the early childhood of Siddhartha Gautama.
*he was a rich prince, born in to the Kshatriya class; lived a life of luxury in a palace

48. Question #24
Identify 3 manners in which Gautama sought answers to his questions.

49. Identify 3 manners in which Gautama sought answers to his questions.
1. talked with smart people
2. meditated
3. wandered throughout India

50. Question #25
Where was Gautama when he reached enlightenment?

51. Where was Gautama when he reached enlightenment?
*under a bodhi tree

52. Question #26
From where does suffering originate?

53. From where does suffering originate?
*wants / desires

54. Question #27
By what name would Gautama become better known?

55. By what name would Gautama become better known?
*Buddha

56. Question #28 Rank the following events from 1 (earliest) to 4 (last):
-Gautama meditated under a tree
-Gautama became disenchanted with life
-Gautama gained insight into human suffering
-Gautama wandered through forest

57. Rank the following events from 1 (earliest) to 4 (last):
-Gautama meditated under a tree---3
-Gautama became disenchanted with life---1
-Gautama gained insight into human suffering---4
-Gautama wandered through forest---2

58. Question #29
Why would Buddha disagree with “Contentment springs from gaining what one wants.”

59. Why would Buddha disagree with “Contentment springs from gaining what one wants.”
*Buddha believes that suffering originates from having wants and desires and that fulfilling these want and desires does not result in happiness.

60. Question #30
Identify the Four Noble Truths.

61. Identify the Four Noble Truths.
Suffering is a part of life.
Suffering is caused by wants and desires.
Nirvana is attainable.
People should follow an eight-fold path.

62. Question #31
How can a follower of Buddhism reach nirvana?

63. How can a follower of Buddhism reach nirvana?
*follow the Eight-Fold Path

64. Question #32
Identify the components of the Eight-Fold Path.

65. Identify the components of the Eight-Fold Path.
Right thought
Right action
Right intent
Right speech
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration

66. Question #33
What part of Hinduism did the Buddha disagree with?

67. What part of Hinduism did the Buddha disagree with?
Animal sacrifice
Authority of Hindu priests
Use of the caste system

68. Question #34
What are 2 main differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhists?

69. What are 2 main differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhists?
Theravada: follow Buddha’s teachings exactly; believe one can reach enlightenment on their own; practiced mostly in Southeast Asia
Mahayana: believe Buddha’s teachings are open to interpretation; believe people need help reaching enlightenment; practiced mostly in East Asia

70. Question #35
Identify 3 characteristics of the Mauryan Empire government.

71. Identify 3 characteristics of the Mauryan Empire government.
complex, central government
large army
heavy taxes

72. Question #36
Identify Asoka.

73. Identify Asoka.
*strongest ruler of the Mauryan Empire; converted to Buddhism; worked to help his people

74. Question #37
What did Asoka promise following his conversion to Buddhism?

75. What did Asoka promise following his conversion to Buddhism?
*to end wars of conquest

76. Question #38
When did Hinduism gain popularity in India?

77. When did Hinduism gain popularity in India?
*upon the reunification of India by the Gupta dynasty

78. Question #39
What is considered the greatest accomplishment of the Gupta dynasty?

79. What is considered the greatest accomplishment of the Gupta dynasty?
*the reunification of India

80. Question #40
What was the Gupta policy on religion?

81. What was the Gupta policy on religion?
*Hinduism was the main religion, but other religions were acceptable.

82. Question #41
Under whose leadership did the Gupta dynasty come to an end?

83. Under whose leadership did the Gupta dynasty come to an end?
*Candra Gupta II

84. Question #42
What was the major difference in the Mauryan Hindu temples with those built during the Gupta period?

85. What was the major difference in the Mauryan Hindu temples with those built during the Gupta period?
*Gupta Hindu temples were considered more complex.

86. Question #43
What is the significance of the stupa temples?

87. What is the significance of the stupa temples?
*hold sacred items from the life of the Buddha

88. Question #44
The Mahabharata contains what famous passage?

89. The Mahabharata contains what famous passage?
*Bhagavad Gita

90. Question #45
What is the Panchatantra?

91. What is the Panchatantra?
*collection of stories that teach lessons

92. Question #46
What group of people is given credit for creating the numerals used today?

93. What group of people is given credit for creating the numerals used today?
*Indian scholars

94. Question #47
Identify 6 things Indian astronomers knew about.

95. Identify 6 things Indian astronomers knew about.
knew of 7 planets
the sun was a star
the planets revolved around the sun
the Earth was a sphere
the Earth turned on its axis
could predict eclipses of the sun and moon

96. Vocabulary
Indus River, Harappa, Mohenhjo Daro, Sanskrit, caste system, reincarnation, karma, nonviolence, fasting, meditation, nirvana, missionaries, mercenaries, edicts, metallurgy, allows, Hindu-Arabic numerals, inoculation, astronomy

97. Question #48
What country is represented by the number 2?

98. What country is represented by the number 2?
*India

99. Question #49
What country is represented by the number 8?

100. What country is represented by the number 8?
*Sri Lanka

101. Question #50
What country is represented by the number 1?

102. What country is represented by the number 1?
*Pakistan

103. Question #51
What country is east of Libya and north of Sudan?

104. Question #51
What country is east of Libya and north of Sudan?
*Egypt

105. Question #52
What country is a large island off the southeast coast of Africa?

106. Question #52
What country is a large island off the southeast coast of Africa?
*Madagascar

107. Question #53
What country contains the enclave, Lesotho?

108. Question #53
What country contains the enclave, Lesotho?
*South Africa

109. Question #54
What country borders 14 countries?

110. Question #54
What country borders 14 countries?
*China

111. Question #55
What country ONLY borders North Korea?

112. Question #55
What country ONLY borders North Korea?
•South Korea

113. Question #56
What country is bordered by India on both the west and east?

114. Question #56
What country is bordered by India on both the west and east?
*Bangladesh

115. Question #57: Beyond Our Borders: India
While English is not considered an official language of India because it is a reminder of their colonial past, Indians do enjoy playing what sport that was introduced to them by the British?

116. Beyond Our Borders: India
While English is not considered an official language of India because it is a reminder of their colonial past, Indians do enjoy playing what sport that was introduced to them by the British?
*cricket

117. Question #58 What is Hinduism?
What river is considered as the most sacred to Hindus?

118. What is Hinduism?
What river is considered as the most sacred to Hindus?
*Ganges

119. Question #59 What is Buddhism?
What is the name of the Buddhist holiday that celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha?

120. What is Buddhism?
What is the name of the Buddhist holiday that celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha?
*Vesak

121. Question #60
What structure was built by Shah Jahan?

122. Question #60
What structure was built by Shah Jahan?
*Taj Mahal

123. Question #61
Which craft is made by painting fabric with hot wax, then dipping it into colored dyes?

124. Question #61
Which craft is made by painting fabric with hot wax, then dipping it into colored dyes?
*batik

125. WOW!!
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