1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Rational vs Irrational Thinking

2. Essential Concepts Thinking  Feeling  Behavior
This is an Automatic Process
Merges Cognitive Principles with Behavioral Approaches
Psychological distress is due to disturbances in the cognitive process

3. ABC’s of CBT and RET A= activating event B= belief about event
C= emotional and behavioral consequence

4. Ellis Rational Emotive Therapy and Interventions
A (event) - B (beliefs )  C (consequence)
D (disputing intervention)  E (effect)
F (New Feeling)

5. Examples of Beck’s Biases in Thinking
Depression – negative view of self, experience, and future
Hypomania- Inflated view of self and future
Anxiety- Sense of physical or psychological danger
Phobia- Sense of danger in specific, avoidable situations
Paranoia- Attribution of bias onto others

6. Ellis’s Eleven Irrational Beliefs
It is essential that a person be loved or approved of by virtually everyone in the community
Some people are bad/wicked and therefore should be blamed and punished
A person must be perfectly competent, adequate and achieving to be considered worthwhile
It is a terrible catastrophe when things are not as we want them to be
Unhappiness is caused by outside circumstances, and a person has no control over it
Dangerous or fearsome things are a great cause for concern and their possibilities must be dwelt opon

7. cont
It is easier to avoid certain difficulties and self-responsibility than to face them
A person should be dependent on others and should have someone stronger on whom to rely
Past events are determinants of present behavior; the influence of the past can not be eradicated
A person should be quite upset over other people’s problems
There is always a right or perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found or the results will be catastrophobic

8. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy and Errors in Information Processing
Arbitrary Inference- drawing conclusions without enough evidence
Selective Abstraction-Focusing on details out of context
Overgeneralizing- Drawing a conclusion about all events based on only a few
Magnification and minimization- Errors in evaluating the significance or magnitude of an event
Personalization- Relating external events to yourself with no rational basis for doing so
Absolutist dichotomous thinking- splitting

9. Beck’s Core Schemas
Systems of beliefs in which we consistently view situations.
Developed from past experiences, upbringing and trauma (Beck was trained psychodynamically and holds more from this theory than Ellis does-thus these schema’s can lie dormant and be triggered by events)

10. Beck’s Cognitive Triad
How you see self, experience and future
Example of a depressed person:
Sees self as defective, inadequate, deprived and diseased
Interprets experience as negative, even when evidence exists for a neutral or positive interpretation.
See future as continuing in this grim fashion and expect failures

11. Process of Therapy Identify problem and dysfunctional thought patterns
Challenge thought patterns
Change thought patterns

12. CT and REBT differences
Cognitive Therapy-Beck
Therapist uses Socratic Dialog to elicit exceptions and counter arguments to challenge thoughts
Client does not take on philosophical system
REBT- Ellis
Structured Induction to Philosophical system
Therapist is more directive and confrontational
Specific Worksheet Techniques

13. Glasser’s Reality Therapy
The tough, smart drill sergeant approach
Excuse making, assigning blame to external events, upbringing or bad environment is discouraged
Emphasizes Natural Consequences
Individual choice and responsibility is emphasized
Meeting needs for survival, belonging, power, freedom, independence and fun leads to vision of what we want
Choice theory- Maladaptive behavior arises from flaws in matching desired outcomes to our actions due to 1) lack of knowledge, 2) previous failure and giving up or 3) faulty beliefs about what will work

14. Glasser’s Realty Theory Interentions WDEP
Wants- Cl. Identifies and understands wants from life in all arenas.
Direction and Doing- Is the client’s behavior taking them closer or further away from their wants
Evaluating- Look at behavior and it’s impact on others and their own wants. Evaluation of wants is also conducted for realism and worthwhilness to client
Planning- Client’s evaluation leads to formulation of action plan

15. Attributes of a Reality Therapist beyond empathy, congruence and positive regard
High energy
Actively able to confront with a caring attitude
Positive, but not naïve view of human behavior
High hope and ability to reframe lazy, resistant, and manipulative behaviors into creative expressions
Culturally sensitive in realizing reality is not the same for all clients

16. Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy BASIC-ID
Patients are troubled by seen problems and all seven realms should be explored as possible
Behavior, affect, sensations, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, and biological functions
Very Intergrative

17. Linehan’s Dialectical Behavioral Therapy DBT
Designed for use with Borderline Clients
Looks at interrelatedness of client’s behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
Focuses on Dialects of clients need to accept self and change; getting what she needs and loosing it in order to grow, and client maintaining the validity of her experience while learning to interpret it differently
Focus on emotional regulation and mindfulness

18. Shapiro’s Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing
EMDR

19. Other Techniques RET BOOK DTR Daily Thought Record Self-talk
Relaxation techniques
Visualizations
Meditation
1-10 symptom report and log