1. Outline Sponges, Phylum Porifera
Invertebrate Animals
Outline
Sponges, Phylum Porifera
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2. Animal Life Four critical processes Easy for 1-few cells
Obtain energy and material
Ingest, digest, absorb
Obtain oxygen
Dispose of nitrogenous waste
NH3, urea, uric acid
Dispose of CO2
Easy for 1-few cells
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3. Animal Life Harder for multicellular organisms
Large multicellular organisms require
Internal circulation
Coordination, information transfer
Structural maintenance
Movement
Maintenance of homeostatic internal environment
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4. Animal Life We will study 9 Phyla in order of increasing complexity.
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5. Animal Life Outline for each Phylum: Name and etymology
General characters
Body plan and example
Gut, symmetry, etc.
Cell and tissue organization
Special, unique “distinguishing” characters
Where & how they live
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6. Animal Life Outline for each Phylum (continued):
Special concerns of a multicellular animal
Food, gas exchange, waste removal
Circulation, Coordination, Structural support, Movement, Maintenance of homeostasis—water balance.
Reproduction
Classes (and Orders ?)
Distinguishing the Classes
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7. Animal Life Geologic Time Scale (Table 25.1, page 527)
Names of Eras in order
Names of Periods and Epochs, associated with Era
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8. Animal Life Early fossil record of animals Simplest animals Sponges
Cnidarians
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9. Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera (Calcarea + Silicea)
“pore bearers”
No symmetry; may resemble radial symmetry
Marine, freshwater
Cells
Four kinds: “epidermal,” amoebocytes, porocytes, choanocytes
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10. Phylum Porifera Unique characters Choanocytes (collar cells)
Cell body, flagellum, collar
Feeding cells
Shared with choanoflagellates
Are sponges animals ?
Spicules
Spongocoel & osculum
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11. Phylum Porifera Special concerns Water flow Food O2 and CO2 exchange
Waste removal
Water flow
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12. Phylum Porifera Special concerns: Water flow for circulation
Little coordination
Chemical communication,
no nerve cells
Skeletons of CaCO3, SiO2, spongin
Little movement,
no muscle cells
Each cell maintains itself
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13. Phylum Porifera Reproduction Classification uncertain (polyphyletic ?)
Sequential hermaphrodites
Asexual
Classification uncertain (polyphyletic ?)
Classes based on nature of skeleton
Spicules of CaCO3
Spongin
Both
Spicules of SiO2
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