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PAKISTAN’S TRANS-BOUNDARY
RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN by Syed Jamait Ali Shah at LEADS, Islamabad on ( )
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TOTAL CULTIVATED LAND IN AFGHANISTAN
Irrigated 67% Rainfed 33% Total Area: 3,900,000 ha Area of Afghanistan : 64,750,000 ha
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COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN IN NWFP
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COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN IN BALOCHISTAN
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COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN AVERAGE ANNUAL INFLOWS (MAF)
MAIN RIVERS MAJOR TRIBUTARIES AVERAGE ANNUAL INFLOWS (MAF) NWFP Kabul Chitral/Konar 16.44 Kurram Kaitu & Tochi 0.89 Gomal Zhob & Kandar 0.79 BALOCHISTAN Abdul Wahab Stream Turwa 0.0039 Kandar Nagandi Oba, Ashiwat 0.0212 Kand Kadanai Tashrabad, Aghbergai, Hasna Zemal, Maran, Warjaroba 0.0058 Pishin Lora/ Bore Nallah 0.095 Kaisar Gori 0.0175 Total: 18.266
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ANNUAL AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION
River Province Inflows (MAF) Contribution from Afghanistan Contribution from Pakistan Area Remarks Kabul NWFP 16.44 8.19 (Kabul & Kunar) 8.25 (Chitral) River Chitral enters into Afghanistan at Arandu Kurram, Kaitu & Tochi .89 - Gomal .79 Kandar & Abdul Wahab Balochistan 0.0233 0.0022 0.0211 Abdul Wahab originates in Afghanistan (>95% rainfed), Kandar originates in Pakistan (>93% rainfed) Kand Originates in Pakistan and enters into Afghanistan (>95% rainfed) Kadnai 0.0212 Originates in Pakistan and enters into Afghanistan (>90% rainfed) Pishin Lora 0.095 0.064 0.159 Enters into Afghanistan and comes back (>90% rainfed) Kaisar 0.0039 0.0001 0.0038 Originates in Afghanistan and enters into Pakistan (>95% rainfed) TOTAL: 18.266
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THROUGH VARIOUS SOURCES REGARDING DEVELOPMENT ON
INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH VARIOUS SOURCES REGARDING DEVELOPMENT ON KABUL RIVER BASIN
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
OTHER PROJECTS. NAME RIVER Nangarhar Kabul Istalif Asadabad Kunar Amir Ghazi Qargha Shahtoot Wardak Haijan Gulbahar Pul-i-Khumri
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PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
NAME OF THE PROJECT STATUS BRIEF DESCRIPTION STORAGE (MAF) HEAD (M) CAPACITY (MW) Kama Irrigation Project Proposed 45 0.445 Shardeh-Ghorband Irrigation-cum-Micro Hydroelectric Power Scheme - 600 kW 0.28 Nangarhar Development Project Parwan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Project Gatt Reservoir Darunta Existing 12 11.5 Sarobi 56 222 Naghlu 76 100 0.3 Mahipar 345 66 Maidan Shahr
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PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
NAME OF THE PROJECT STATUS BRIEF DESCRIPTION STORAGE (MAF) HEAD (M) CAPACITY (MW) Istalif Hydroelectric Power Plant Existing - 0.2 Asadabad Hydroelectric Plant 2 x 350 kW Dasht-e-Ghamberi Canal or Aab-e-Marwareed Canal U/C Zurmat Dam Under Reh. Amir Ghazi Qargha Plant Pul-i-Khumri
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PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
NAME OF THE PROJECT STATUS BRIEF DESCRIPTION STORAGE (MAF) HEAD (M) CAPACITY (MW) Haijan Storage Dam - Gulbahar Storage Dam Zadrano Dam Machalgho Dam Shahtoot Dam Mangallo Dam
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EFFECT OF KAMA PROJECT : (1) Location Diversion Dam on Konar River
13 K.M from Kabul (2) Storage Capacity 445,000 AF (3) Power Generation 45 MW (4) Total Diversion (A) 313,200 AF (386.3 MCM) per year (B) 425 Cusec (12 m3/sec) (5) Reduction of inflow at Warsak 5-8% (6) Reduction of power generation at Warsak 11% (7) Area proposed to be irrigated 28,740 Acre
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OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF KABUL RIVER BASIN
OBJECTIVES EXPECTED RESULTS INDICATORS Development Plan 1. In % of water comes from large works Implementation Plan 2. Plans and designs prepared for investments in water resources infrastructure Acreage of land to be irrigated from rehabilitated and new works Number of plans approved by MoF Management Plan Water resources are managed economically and equitably for proper drinking water supply, environmental protection and improved land productivity Number of sites that meet technical standards Percentage of sites where 90% of tail-enders receive enough water on time 3. Number of upper-catchment protection programs 4. Number of sites reserved as suitable drinking water resource Source: NORPLAN 2004
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AVAILABLE INFORMATION ABOUT
KABUL BASIN AND OTHER COMMON RIVER PROJECTS
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 1. Darunta Dam Kabul River Project is located near Jalalabad. Dam has capacity of 11.5 MW. Initial construction work commenced in 1960 with technical and financial assistance of USSR and was completed in 1962. World Bank has now pledged US$ 50 million for renovation. Renovation contract was given to German Company “Siemens”. Common (Pakistan Border) 2. Sarobi Dam The dam has capacity of 222 MW Power generation. World Bank had pledged US$ 50 million for renovation. Contract was awarded to Siemens. 3. Naghlu Dam Project is located in the west of Kabul and has storage capacity of 304,000 AF. The generation capacity is 100 MW. The dam is 361 feet high and 919 feet long. Initial construction was completed in 1960.The out of order turbine is being repaired by Chinese Company “M/s. Sino Hydro”. World Bank had allocated US$ 35 million for repair/renovation of this project.
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 4. Shardeh Ghorband Irrigation –cum-Micro Hydroelectric Power Scheme Kabul River The dam is located near Kabul and irrigates 1,126 Ha of land with power generation of 600 KW. Common (Pakistan Border) 5. Mahipar Dam The dam is located near Kabul. It has capacity of 66 MW. Rehabilitation had been undertaken by German firm “Siemens”. 6. Nangarhar Development Project The project was started in 1964 with Russian assistance. It irrigates Ha of land. 7. Maidan Shahr Information is being sought. 8. Istalif Hydroelectric Power Plant The plant is located 55 km north of Kabul. The power generation capacity of the plant is 200 kW. It was completed with the help of Korea-Water in 2006 and Korea-Water also provided operation and management for the facility and the associated electric works for one year. Common (Pakistan Border)
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 9. Amir Ghazi Project Kabul River The plant is located near Jalalabad. Common (Pakistan Border) 10. Qargha Plant 11. Haijan Storage Dam - 12. Gulbahar Storage Dam 13. Pul-i-Khumari
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 14. Dasht-e-Ghamberi Canal OR Aab-e-Marwareed Canal Kunar River The canal starts from Zari Baba and goes to Salampur in Khewa District of Nangarhar Province to irrigate Gambiri Dag in Laghman/Nangarhar Province. The canal will use 3,000 liters per second from Kunar River. Approx 10% of Kunar River will be diverted through canal. Because the inflow of Kabul River is receding every year due to drought in Afghanistan, during the last few years. The surplus water of canal will be stored in Darunta Dam. Remaining part of the project has been reported to be financed by India. Financial and technical aspects have been studied with estimated cost of US$ 1.2 million. The project was started by PMS. (a Japanese NGO) 18 Km out of 26 Km was completed with a cost of US$ 3 million. Common (Pakistan Border)
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 15. Kama Water and Power Project Kunar River Project is located on River Kunar in Nangarhar Province. It will irrigate about 12,000 Ha of land and will produce 45 MW of electricity. Feasibility study of the project was completed in 1975. Recently an amount of US$ 2.4 Million has been allocated for this project. Another report reflects that Afghan Government has finalized a contract with Indian Government for construction of Dam in area Kama on Junction of Kabul, Panjshar and Kunar Rivers with a cost of US$ 24 million. However, Foreign Office reports that no such activity was at the envil. Common (Pakistan Border) 16. Asadabad Hydroelectric Power Plant The power generation capacity of the plant is 2 X 350 kW. The plant was built with German assistant. Only one of the sets is in operation. The plant was completed in 1983. Common (Pakistan Border)
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 17. Parwan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Project Panjsher River The projected is located 600m below confluence of Shuttal and Panjsher Rivers. It irrigates 24,800 Ha of land in Parwan Province 2000 KW/hr has already been completed in 1973. Common (Pakistan Border) 18. Gatt Reservoir Logar River It is located on Logar River in Kabul Province and irrigates 10,000 Ha of land. It is also intended for provision of potable water to Kabul City and also for raising of under ground water table. Negotiations were also underway with JICA for assistance. 19. Mangallo Dam Kurram River The dam is located in Paktia. Its reservoir is spread over area of 20,000 square meters. It does not produce electricity despite having capacity to produce sizeable quantum. 20. Zurmat Dam Its reservoir is spread over area of 8,000 square meter. Currently, its repair was done/undertaken by Afghan Ministry of Water and Energy.
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PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project Common/ Non-Common 21. Zadrano Dam Kurram River The dam is located in Paktia. Further information is being sought. Common (Pakistan Border) 22. Machalgho Dam The dam is located in Paktia. The water released from this dam flows toward Kurram Agency is Pakistan. Its reservoir is spread over 15,000 square meters. PRT (?) at Gardaz was working on dam. 23. Shahtoot Dam Wardak River The plant is located in Wardak Province on Wardak River, which is a tributary of Kabul River. Common (Pakistan Border) 24. Bore Nala (Lora Pishin) Pishin Lora The dam located on Spin Tangi in Shorwak area of Kandhar Province.
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EXISTING AND PLANNED USAGES BY AFGHANISTAN THROUGH COMMON RIVERS
Existing = 1 MAF Planned = 4 MAF Total Water Resources Development Potential by Afghanistan is estimated to about 5 MAF.
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USES IN PAKISTAN
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* All the waters of common rivers are committed for use in Pakistan
USES* IN NWFP RIVERS Usage Present (MAF) Planned (MAF) Total (MAF) Kabul (Warsak Dam) 1.598 0.942 2.54 Chitral 0.214 1.048 1.262 Kurram (Khurlarchi) 1.087 0.572 1.659 Kaitu (Spinwam/Tochi) (Bannu Miran Shah Road) 0.151 0.270 0.421 Gomal 0.79 0.892 1.682 TOTAL 3.84 3.724 7.564 * All the waters of common rivers are committed for use in Pakistan
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PROJECTS BY PAKISTAN IN NWFP
SALIENT FEATURES STATUS POWER GENERATION (MW) GROSS STORAGE (MAF) Gomal Zam Dam Project 17.4 Live = 0.892 Dead = 0.248 Under Construction Kurram Tangi Dam Project 53 Live = 0.614 Dead = 0.300 Approved Govt. of Pakistan Mir Khani Dam Project 150 Total = 0.580 Pre-feasibility study yet to be undertaken
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LOCATION OF ONGOING/PROPOSED PROJECTS
COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN LOCATION OF ONGOING/PROPOSED PROJECTS
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USES IN BALOCHISTAN RIVERS USAGE PRESENT (MAF) PLANNED (MAF)
TOTAL (MAF) Pishin Lora 0.043 0.039 0.082 Abdul Wahab 0.0022 0.0029 0.0051 Kadnai 0.0085 0.0121 0.0206 Kaisar 0.0019 0.0038 Kand 0.0010 Kandar 0.0061 0.0099 0.016 TOTAL 0.0627
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USES IN BALOCHISTAN NAME OF PROJECT LOCATION HEIGHT Burj Aziz Khan Dam
60 Km North-West of Quetta 52 m Abdul Wahab Storage Dam 9 Miles Downstream of Afghan Border -
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ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN
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ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN
Collection of Data/Information Exhaustive Water Account Future Planning by Pakistan Draft Agreement has been Proposed
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STRENGTHENING OF HYDROLOGICAL NETWORK IN BALOCHISTAN AND NWFP
SITES IN OPERATION SITES COMMISSIONED N.W.F.P Arandu Nallah at Arandu Kabul River at Shinpokh Chitral River near Arandu Kurram River at Kharachi Kaitu River at Dohtai Tochi River at Dwa Tol Gomal River at Tarkhai Marghoghul BALOCHISTAN Abdul Wahab River at Quamar Din Zhob Kandar River at Sande Pashin Lora at Sargai Kand River near Sahib Jan Killi Pashin Lora at Inam Bostan Kadnai River at Domanda Gori River near International Boundary
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PAK-AFGHAN WATER AGREEMENT
Initial draft Pak-Afghan Water Treaty has been prepared Vetted by Ministry of Foreign Affairs Comments from Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights are awaited
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FACTS & ISSUES
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FACTS (i) Afghanistan has an estimated development potential in water sector to the tune of about 4 MAF. (ii) Complete/Exhaustive information is not available. (iii) Delay in decision might cost Pakistan – India being active.
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ISSUES (i) Sharing of information – mechanism to be arranged by the Foreign Office (ii) Diversion of River Chitral - a Viable Option? (iii) Decision about the Agreement with Afghanistan on Water Sharing Appropriate Time for such Agreement Commitment of existing water resources/construction of storages
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CHITRAL DIVERSION
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CHITRAL DIVERSION
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OPTION OF CHITRAL DIVERSION
Project Components Construction of Mirkhani Dam to divert Chitral flows (about 4 MAF). Tunnel to Panjkora River (part of Mirkhani Dam) and Canal to Munda H/W. Impact on irrigation and at Warsak & Munda projects to be considered.
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THANK YOU
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