1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S): Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Describe how the United States mobilized for war.
Summarize U.S. battlefield successes.
Identify the new weapons and the medical problems faced in World War I.
Describe U.S. offensives and the end of the war.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. American Power Tips the Balance
Section 2
American Power Tips the Balance
The United States mobilize a large army and navy to help the Allies achieve victory.
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4. American Power Tips the Balance2
SECTION
American Power Tips the Balance
America Mobilizes
Raising an Army
• Selective Service Act—men register, randomly chosen for service
• African Americans in segregated units, excluded from navy, marines
• Soldiers train for 8 months, often drill with fake weapons
• Women in army, navy, marines as nurses secretaries, phone operators
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5. SECTION 2: AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE
America was not ready for war – only 200,000 men were in service when war was declared
Congress passed the Selective Service Act in May of 1917
By the end of 1918, 24 million had signed up and almost 3 million were called to duty
About 2 million American troops reached Europe

7. Guided Reading: 1. How did US raise an army?
Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

8. Chapter 11 Section 2
A – How did the United States raise an army for the war?
Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

9. FRESH U.S. SOLDIERS JOIN FIGHT
After 2 ½ years of fighting, the Allied forces were exhausted
One of the main contributions of the Americans was fresh and enthusiastic troops
American infantry were nicknamed “doughboys” because of their white belts
Most doughboys had never ventured far from the farms or small towns they lived in

10. American Power Tips the Balance2
SECTION
American Power Tips the Balance
America Mobilizes
Mass Production
• To expand fleet to transport men, food, equipment to Europe, U.S.:
- gives special status to shipyard workers
- uses fabrication techniques
- takes over commercial, private ships
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11. Guided Reading: 2. How did US soldiers help win the war?
Brought freshness and enthusiasm;
Helped stop German advances on Paris and several other French cities;
Helped win the Second Battle of the Marne.

15. Guided Reading: 3. How did US build its naval force?
It exempted shipyard workers from the draft,
Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding
Used prefabrication techniques
And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

16. B – How did the United States expand its navy so quickly?
It exempted shipyard workers from the draft,
Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding
Used prefabrication techniques
And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

17. America Turns the Tide U.S. Navy Contributions 2
SECTION
America Turns the Tide
U.S. Navy Contributions
• Convoy system—destroyers escort merchant ships across Atlantic
- losses drop dramatically
• Navy helps lay mines across North Sea, keep U-boats out of Atlantic
• 1918, Germans have difficulty replacing boats, trained submariners
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20. Guided Reading: 4. How did the US Navy help win the war?
Broke the German blockade by suggesting the convoy system to the British and then putting it into practice;
Helped lay down a barrier of mines in the North Sea.

21. America Turns the Tide Fighting in Europe 2
SECTION
America Turns the Tide
Fighting in Europe
After 2 1/2 years fighting, Allied forces are exhausted, demoralized
American troops bring numbers, freshness, enthusiasm
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22. Shell Shock

23. Fighting “Over There” Doughboys in Europe 2
SECTION
Fighting “Over There”
Doughboys in Europe
• General John J. Pershing leads American Expeditionary Force
- soldiers impressed by cities, shocked by battle
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26. Fighting “Over There” New Weapons 2
SECTION
Fighting “Over There”
New Weapons
By 1917, British learn to use tanks to clear path for infantry
Early planes flimsy, only do scouting; later ones stronger, faster
- carry machine guns, heavy bomb loads
American ace Eddie Rickenbacker, other pilots in dogfights
Observation balloons used extensively, prime target of ace pilots
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27. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR
Machine Guns
Fire over 600 bullets per minute.

28. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Poison Gas Odorless, kills and blinds
mustard gas was used to subdue the enemy

29. Animals were also susceptible to gas

30. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Tanks Armor plated vehicles
tanks ran on caterpillar treads

31. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Airplanes Used for scouting, bombing and strafing
Early dogfights resembled duals,

32. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR
Blimps

33. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR
Flame Throwers

34. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR
Grenade Launchers

35. C – How did World War I change the nature of warfare?
WWI introduced new weapons and redefined existing weapons;
Tanks and airplanes helped introduce mechanized warfare.

36. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR
Submarines

37. Machine Guns killed in the thousands
Using effective crossfire

41. Early models made of empty cans
Later models made to separate into 48 pieces.

42. British invention – a Plummer from England came up with the idea.

43. Germany built no tanks in WWI
They did use captured tanks

45. D – What were the physical and psychological effects of this new kind of warfare?
The new warfare caused physical ailments such as trench-foot
And psychological ailments such as shell shock.

46. Guided Reading:
5. What new weapons of mechanized warfare threatened those in combat?
Zeppelins (gas-filled airships)
Machine guns
Tubes that spewed poison gas
Tanks
Airplanes

48. The War Introduces New Hazards2
SECTION
The War Introduces New Hazards
New Problems of War
New weapons and tactics lead to horrific injuries, hazards
Troops amidst filth, pests, polluted water, poison gas, dead bodies
Constant bombardment, battle fatigue produce “shell shock”
Physical problems include dysentery, trench foot, trench mouth
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49. American Troops Go on the Offensive2
SECTION
American Troops Go on the Offensive
Allies Stop German Advance
• Russia pulls out of war 1917; Germans shift armies to western front
- come within 50 miles of Paris
• Americans help stop German advance, turn tide against Central Powers
Continued . . .
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50. E – How did American forces help the Allies win the war?
American forces helped stop the German advance
and turned the tide against the Central Powers.

51. AMERICAN TROOPS GO ON THE OFFENSIVE
When Russia surrendered to the Germans in 1917, it allowed the Central Powers to focus on the Western Front
By May, the Germans were within 50 miles of Paris
The Americans arrived and immediately played a major role in pushing the Germans back
In July and August the Americans helped the Allies win the Second Battle of the Marne
Men of the 42nd Division during the Second Marne. These men were killed by artillery fire just 5 minutes after this photo was taken

52. American Troops Go on the Offensive2
SECTION
American Troops Go on the Offensive
American War Hero
• Conscientious objector—person who opposes war on moral grounds
• Originally a conscientious objector, Alvin York decides WWI is just
• Alone kills 25 Germans; with 6 others, captures 132 prisoners
• Promoted to sergeant; becomes U.S. celebrity
Continued . . .
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53. AMERICAN WAR HERO
Alvin York, a blacksmith from Tennessee, originally sought an exemption from the war as a Conscientious Objector
York eventually decided it was morally acceptable to fight if the cause was right
On October 8, 1918, armed with only a rifle and a revolver, York killed 25 Germans and (with six doughboys) captured 132 prisoners
Upon his return home he was promoted to Sergeant and hailed a hero
The man
The movie

54. The Collapse of Germany2
SECTION
continued American Troops Go on the Offensive
The Collapse of Germany
November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies
German sailors, soldiers rebel; socialists establish German republic
- kaiser gives up throne
Germans exhausted; armistice, or truce, signed November 11, 1918
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55. GERMANY COLLAPSES, WAR ENDS
On November 3, 1918, Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, surrendered to the Allies
That same day, German sailors mutinied against their government
Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue
So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, Germany signed a truce ending the Great War
War ends 11/11/18

56. The Final Toll 2 World War I bloodiest war in history to date
SECTION
continued American Troops Go on the Offensive
The Final Toll
World War I bloodiest war in history to date
- more than half of 22 million dead are civilians
- 20 million more are wounded
10 million people become refugees
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58. Amputations

59. Guided Reading:
6. What did the war cost (NUMBERS) in the terms of the number of … 
Civilian deaths?
military deaths?
injuries?
refugees?
11 million
20 million
10 million

62. Guided Reading: 7. What were the estimated economic costs? $$$$$$
$338,000,000,000
338 Billion Dollars