1. Chapter 8
States of Matter

2. Objectives SPI 0807.9.1 Recognize that all matter consists of atoms
SPI Compare the particle arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different states of matter
I can:
Describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.
Explain the differences between the states of matter.
Describe factors that affect how gases behave.
Describe how energy is involved in changes of state
Compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

3. States of Matter The physical forms in which a substance can exist
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

4. Particles of Matter Matter is made up of atoms and molecules
Very small
Always in motion
Always bumping into one another
Interact with one another
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

5. Solids (#81) Definite volume Definite shape
Strong attraction between particles
Do not move fast
Particles are close together
Particles vibrate in place
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

6. I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

7. Types of solids Crystalline-orderly, 3-D arrangement of particles Iron
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.
Types of solids
Crystalline-orderly, 3-D arrangement of particles
Iron
Diamond
Ice

8. Types of Solids
2. Amorphous-particles do not have any special arrangement, no pattern
Glass
Rubber
Wax
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

9. I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

10. Liquids (#49) Definite volume No definite shape
Takes the shape of its container
Move fast enough to overcome some attraction b/t particles
Particles slide past one another
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

11. I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

12. Liquid Characteristics
Surface tension - force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid.
Creates spherical drops like beads of water
Different liquids have different surface tensions
Low ST → flat drops
High ST→ spherical drops
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

13. Liquid Characteristics
2. Viscosity – liquid’s resistance to flow
Slower flow → higher viscosity
Faster flow → lower viscosity
Ex: Honey is more viscous than water
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

14. Gases (#37) No definite volume No definite shape
Little attraction between particles
Particles can break away completely from one another
Move quickly
Far apart
Move independently of one another
Large amount of empty space b/t particles
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

15. I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

16. Plasma Similar to gases No definite volume No definite shape
I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.
Plasma
Similar to gases
No definite volume
No definite shape
Ionized gases (charged particles)
Make up 99% of all matter in the universe
Examples:
Neon signs
Lightning
Sun
Jupiter
Stars
Fire

17. I can describe the particle arrangement and motion of the states of matter.

18. I can explain the differences between the states of matter.

19. I can describe factors that affect how gases behave.
Gas Properties
Temperature (T) – measure of how fast particles in an object are moving
Faster moving → more energy → gas expands → higher temp.
slower moving → less energy → gas shrink → lower temp.
Volume (V) – amt. of space object takes up
Depends on container the gas is in
Gas can be compressed or squeezed together into a smaller volume
Pressure (P) – amt. of force exerted on a given area of surface
High pressure → more particles → harder surface
Low pressure → fewer particles → softer surface

20. Gas Behavior Laws Boyle’s Law Charles’s Law
V is inversely proportional to P when T is constant
P inc. → V dec.
P dec. → V inc.
Charles’s Law
V is directly proportional to T of a gas when P is constant
T inc. → V inc.
T dec. → V dec.
I can describe factors that affect how gases behave.

21. I can describe factors that affect how gases behave.

22. Temp. Volume Pressure Boyle’s Inc. Dec. Charles’s
I can describe factors that affect how gases behave.

23. Temp. Volume Pressure Boyle’s Constant = Decrease ↓ Increase ↑
Charles’s
I can describe factors that affect how gases behave.

24. Changes of State
Change of a substance from one physical form to another
Physical change – identity of substance does not change
To change state → add or remove energy
Ex: ice, liquid water, and steam are all the same substance → WATER
I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

25. I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

26. Energy Endothermic (#30) – Energy is gained by the substance
Energy is added
Exothermic (#34) – Energy removed from substance
I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

27. Changes of State Melting Freezing Melting Point = Freezing Point
Solid to liquid
Inc. T → particles move faster
Endothermic – add energy
Melting Point – which object melts
Ex.: ice melting
Freezing
Liquid to solid
Exothermic – remove energy
Freezing point – which liquid changes to solid
Ex.: water freezing
Melting Point = Freezing Point
I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

28. Changes of State Evaporation Condensation
I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.
Changes of State
Evaporation
Liquid to gas
Endothermic – add energy
Boiling Point – which liquid boils
Ex.: steam
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Exothermic – remove energy
Condensation Point – which gas becomes liquid
Ex.: morning dew
Boiling point = Condensation Point
Sublimation
Solid to gas
ex.: dry ice

29. I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.

30. I can describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
I can compare the particle arrangement and motion when a change of state occurs.