1. Working principle Electroluminescence Invented Oleg LosevOleg Losev (1927) James R. Biard (1961)James R. Biard Nick Holonyak (1962)Nick Holonyak First production 1968

2. NOTE: ST VISIBLE LIGHT EMITTING LED.THAT CAN REPLACE INCANDESCENT BULB NICK THE FATHER OF LED.SINCE NE INVENTED 1 ST VISIBLE LIGHT EMITTING LED.THAT CAN REPLACE INCANDESCENT BULB

4. LED CFL INCANDESCENT

5. FEATURESLEDSINCANDESCENTCFLs Lifespan (avg)50,000 hrs1200hrs8000hrs Watts used6-8watts60watts13-15watts Annual operating cost$32.85$328.59$76.65 Toxic mercuryNo toxic Hg Yes,causes harm Sensitivity to low tempNoneSomeYes(10<T<120) in Fahrenheit On/Off CyclingNo EffectSome EffectDecrease life span Turns On instantlyYes No(take time to warm up) DurabilityVery durableNot durable(glass can break) Light output for 450 lumensRequires 4-5wattsRequire 40 wattsRequires 9-13 watts Annual operating costs (30 incandescent bulbs per year equivalent) $32.85 Rs2,003.85 $328.59 Rs20,043.99 $76.65 Rs4,675.65

6. TOP 10 LED LIGHTING COMPANIES IN INDIA (2009-11): S.N.ONAME OF COMPANYANNUAL REVENUE(RS) 1MIC Electronics Ltd2339.3millions 2Reiz Electronics Pvt Ltd111.3millions 3Insta Power Ltd109millions 4Abby Lighting & Switchgear Ltd68.6millions 5Binay Opto Electronics Pvt Ltd61.3millions 6REI Electronics Pvt Ltd56millions 7Avni Energy Solutions Pvt Ltd50millions 8Alien Energy Pvt Ltd33.9millions 9Kwality Photonics Pvt Ltd33.1millions 10Promptec Renewable Energy Solutions Pvt Ltd32.1millions

7. LEDS UV&BLUE LED WHITE RGB SYSTEMS PHOSPHOR LED OTHER LEDS OLED QUANTUM DOT LEDS

8. TYPES OF LED 4.1 Miniature 4.2 Mid-range 4.3 High-power 4.4 AC driven LED 4.5 Application-specific variations  4.5.1 Flashing 4.5.1 Flashing  4.5.2 Bi-color LED 4.5.2 Bi-color LED  4.5.3 Tri-color 4.5.3 Tri-color  4.5.4 RGB 4.5.4 RGB  4.5.5 Decorative multicolor 4.5.5 Decorative multicolor  4.5.6 Alphanumeric 4.5.6 Alphanumeric  4.5.7 Digital RGB 4.5.7 Digital RGB

9. SHAPES OF LED BULBS:

10. Color Wavelength range (nm) Typical efficacy (lm/W)lmW Typical efficiency (W/W) Red620 < λ < 645720.39 Red-orange610 < λ < 620980.29 Green520 < λ < 550930.15 Cyan490 < λ < 520750.26 Blue460 < λ < 490370.35

11.  Efficiency  Colour  Size  On/Off time  Cycling  Dimming  Life time  Shock resistance  Focus  Slow failure  Doesn’t release Hg(which cause environment problems)  No Filament

12.  High initial price  Impact on insects  Efficiency drop  Blue pollution  Temperature dependence

13. LED tv Traffic signals Emergency vehicle lighting Brake lights in automobiles Head lights in automobiles LED street lights are employed on poles and in parking garages. In 2007, the Italian village Torraca was the first place to convert its entire illumination system to LEDs LED street lightsTorraca Used in airports like Runway,edge lights, guidance signs, and obstruction lighting.

14. LampCost($)No.Of.LampsTotal costEnergyEnergy cost/KWh Annual energy cost Incandescent24284231100.24622 LED2542105021890.2438 CFLS7139117320.2346 NOTE: 42 INCANDESCENT BULBS CONSUMES ENERGY COST=$4622/ANNUM 42 LED BULB =$1050 =$3572 42 LED BULBS CONSUMES ENERGY COST =$438 SAVINGS BY USING LED INSTEAD OF INCANDESCENT =$3134/ANNUM $3134=3134*61=Rs1,91,174 CAN BE SAVED+SAVE ENVIRONMENT FROM TOXIC GASES

15. NOTE: On October 7, 2014, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for "the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" or, less formally, LED lamps. [10]Nobel Prize in PhysicsIsamu AkasakiHiroshi AmanoShuji NakamuraLED lamps [10]

16. THANK YOU