1. Warm up Activity Warm up question: What is a wave cyclone
Exit: What is the difference between a Hurricane and a Typoon
Homework – Vocabulary page 518; define and give one fact. Due 2/27
Review Questions page 501. Due 2/25
Review Questions page 508. Due 2/26
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2. Link
Essential question I will be able to compare the characteristic weather patterns of cold fronts with those of warm fronts
Homework
Vocabulary page 518; define and give one fact. Due 2/27
Review Questions page 501. Due 2/25
Review Questions page 508. Due 2/26
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3. Electrical thermometer Wind vane Radar Station model isobars
Chapter 25 section 1 Vocabulary: define and write sentences or pictures: page 518
Air Mass
Maritime Polar
Maritime Tropical
Continental Polar
Continental Tropical
Front
Cold front
Squall line
Warm front
Stationary front
Occluded front
Polar front
Wave cyclones
Anticyclones
Hurricane
Typhoons
Thunderstorm
Tornado
Waterspouts
Bimetal thermometer
Thermograph
Electrical thermometer
Wind vane
Radar
Station model
isobars
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4. Section 25.1 Cornell Notes Air Masses
Form because warm air rises at the equators and cold air sinks at the poles. There are 3 convection cells in the Northern Hemisphere and 3 in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Earth’s rotation and land masses cause wind to blow in different directions.
In areas with small pressure differences, the air will stay long enough to develop a uniform temp and humidity. i.e. deserts, oceans, and polar areas.
Air Masses
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5. Section 25.1 Cornell Notes Types of Air Masses
Classified by the source region; Polar is cold and labeled “P”, Tropical are warm and labeled “T”, Masses that form over land are continental and labeled “c”, Masses that form over oceans are maritime and labeled “m”.
These air masses can stay over the source region for days but will move because of wind and the Earth rotation eventually.
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6. Section 25.1 Cornell Notes North American Air Masses Polar Air Masses
Affected by seven regions, but the air can change as it moves away from it’s source region.
3 polar masses influence North America; continental polar Canadian (cP), maritime polar Pacific (mP), maritime polar Atlantic
Canadian moves southeast off the Canadian ice into The United States and can moves as far south as the Gulf.
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7. Section 25.1 Cornell Notes Polar Air Masses
The Pacific air mass forms in the waters near Alaska. Very moist but not extremely cold, in winter they bring snow to the Pacific Coast and in summer fog. Most moisture lost crossing the mountains and bring dry weather to the Mid U.S.
The Atlantic air mass normally moves off towards Europe, but sometimes in the winter brings cold cloudy weather to New England, in the summer cool and foggy weather.
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8. Section 25.1 Cornell Notes Tropical Air Masses
4 influence North America; Continental Tropical, maritime tropical gulf, maritime tropical Atlantic, and maritime tropical Pacific.
cT comes from the Deserts of Northern Mexico and bring clear, dry and very hot weather.
mT Atlantic and Gulf bring mild cloudy weather in winter and hot humid weather, thunderstorms and hurricanes in the summer.
mT pacific rarely reach the coast, but in the winter can bring heavy rain and thunderstorms.
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9. Chapter 25 section 2 Vocabulary: define and write sentences
Front
Cold front
Squall line
Warm front
Stationary front
Occluded front
Polar front
Wave cyclones
Anticyclones
Hurricane
Typhoons
Thunderstorm
Tornado
Waterspouts
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10. Essential Question
Compare the characteristic weather patterns of cold fronts and warm fronts
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11. Section 25.2
What is a Front
What are the types of fronts
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12. Section 25.2 Fronts A boundary between air masses Types of Fronts
Cold Front – Cold air overtakes warm air and lifts the warm air – a squall line forms on this front
Warm Front – Warm air overtakes cold and rises in a gradual slope
Stationary Front – is when the air masses are not displaced
Occluded Front – is when a cold front push the warm air completely off the ground
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13. Section 25.2 Cornell Notes What are Polar Fronts and Wave Cyclones
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14. Section 25.2 Cornell Notes Polar Fronts
Wave Cyclones
A Polar front circles the earth at 40 to 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres.
In winter it is in the Middle of North America .
In Summer it is North of the Great lakes
The boundary along a polar front is where wave cycles form. They can grow to 2,500 km in diameter, with winds that blow in an upward circle path around the low pressure center. They have major influences on our weather.
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15. Section 25.2 What are the Stages of a Wave Cyclones
What is an Anticyclones
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16. Section 25.2
Stage one there is a stationary front, the winds move parallel to the front in opposite directions.
Stage two an intensifying low pressure region develops along the front, bringing stormy weather.
Stage three last about 24 hours and continues to move east in North America. The process can restart.
The anticyclone spins clockwise and brings dry warm air to a region or fair weather. The air is sinking
Stages of a Wave Cyclones
Anticyclones
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17. Section 25.2 Cornell Notes Hurricanes Has winds over 120 km/hr
No more then 700 km in diameter
A storm starts with warm moist air evaporating from the ocean rapidly
The release of latent heat increases the rise of air
Winds increase towards the eye
The eye is clear and calm
The danger is due to raising sea levels and large waves.
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18. Section 25.2
Thunderstorms
Lightning, thunder and strong winds accompany this type of storm.
High surface temperatures cause the rapid rise of warm moist air.
In stage one a Cumulus clouds form or Cumulonimbus.
Stage two is called the mature stage and is when the storm becomes dark cumulonimbus cloud with heavy torrential rains
The final stage or dissipating is when the storm has used the available water vapor and the winds end.
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19. Section 25.2
Tornadoes
Are the smallest, most violent and shortest lived severe storms.
Starts when a thunderstorm meets high altitude horizontal winds.
This may form a narrow, funnel shaped, rapidly spinning extension that may move downward to the ground.
Not more than 100 m wide, path is destroyed.
Winds can reach 400 km/hr
Most common in an area called tornado alley in the United States.
When they form over water they are called waterspouts and usually weaker.
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20. Chapter 25 section 3 Vocabulary: define and write sentences
Bimetal thermometer
Thermograph
Electrical thermometer
Wind vane
radar
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21. Section 25.3
Barometers, psychrometers, rain gauges, thermometer, anemometer, radiosonde and radar
Celsius and Fahrenheit used in the United States.
3 types of thermometers
Liquid use Mercury or Alchol to determine the temperature
Bimetal that expand or contract to temperature, a thermograph measures the temperature change
Electrical use the flow of electric current through certain materials
Weather Instruments
Measuring Air Temperature
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22. Section 25.3 An anemometer measures in m/sec, MPH, or knots.
A wind vane tells you the direction the wind comes from. The points into the wind.
A radiosonde is attached to a helium filled balloon to measure weather conditions in the upper atmosphere
Radar can also be used to detect water droplets, Doppler can even give direction
Satellites can also be used to measure cloud. Land and sea temperatures.
Measuring Wind Speed and Direction
Measuring upper-atmospheric conditions
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23. Chapter 25 section 4 Vocabulary: define and write sentences
Station model
isobars
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24. Section 25.4
History – more then 4,000 years of trying to predict the weather
The invention of the thermometer and barometer made forecasting possible
In 1844 the telegraph made it so data could be shared quickly
1870 the U.S. formed the Weather forecasting agency, renamed the National Weather Service
Data is collected from around the world every 6 hours
Forecasting the weather
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25. Section 25.4 Cornell Notes
Making a Weather Map
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26. Section 25.4
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27. Section 25.4 Types of forecasting Controlling the weather
Two types daily and long term
Daily – weather for the next 24 hours – local daily can be as much as 5 days
Long range forecast covers monthly & seasonal outlooks
Cloud seeding has been used to reduce the intensity of storms with limited results.
Some experimentation still continues.
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