1. The Road to 10G Ethernet 千兆位元乙太網路簡介
National Dong Hwa University
Director of Computer Center
Han-Chieh Chao

2. Outline From the Beginning 10Gb Ethernet Summary CC@NDHU
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3. From the Beginning
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4. From the Beginning
“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.“
Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
“640K ought to be enough for anybody.”
Bill Gates, 1981
“32 bits should be enough address space for Internet”
Vint Cerf, 1977 (Honorary Chairman of IPv6 Forum 2000)
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5. An Introduction of Ethernet
Why Ethernet?
Easy structure
Low cost
Having most markets of LAN or MAN
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6. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)
The structure of Ethernet
In 1973, Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs developed Ethernet for interconnecting the labs at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center
Metcalfe named the “Ethernet”, choosing “ether” to describe the medium – a cable – that carrier bits to all nodes in the network.
Han-Chieh Chao

7. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)
The Original Design of Ethernet from Robert Metcalfe
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8. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)
Metcalfe’s Law
Similar the “Moore’s Law”
Predicted the value of the network expands exponentially as the number of users increases
Due to the successful combination of Ethernet with the microprocessors
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9. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)
The History of Ethernet Technology
1973, Metcalfe developed the Ethernet at Palo Alto.
1980, Digital, Intel and Xerox developed the standard of 10Mpbs Ethernet.
1992, the Grand Junction Network Company brought up the structure of 100Mbps Ethernet
1998, addressed the standard of Gigabit Ethernet
mid-2002 , it will be completely addressed the draft 10 Gigabit standard.
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10. 10 Gigabit Ethernet
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11. Current Problems in Networks
Explosion usages of Internet
More consumer and business applications
Tremendous traffics
More than 80% of network traffic is now data than voice.
Multimedia is in vogue.
Bandwidth is not enough.
Managements become more complex.
Han-Chieh Chao

12. 10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative
Easy, straightforward migration to higher performance levels without disruption.
Low cost of ownership – including both acquisition and support costs.
Familiar management tools and common skills base.
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13. 10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative(cont.)
Ability to support new applications and data types.
Flexibility in network design
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14. Easy Migration to Higher Performance
10 Gigabit Ethernet
Is the simplest way to scale enterprise and service provider (SP) networks
Leverages the installed base of more 300 million Ethernet switch ports
Supports all data services
Supports local, metro, and wide area networks
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15. Easy Migration to Higher Performance(cont.)
Is the faster, cheaper, and simpler than alternatives
Optionally matches MAN/WAN backbone speed of OC-192
It promises the ability for Ethernet to use SONET/SDH for Layer1 transport across the WAN transport backbone.
SONET: Synchronous Optical NETwork
SDH: equivalent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy network
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16. Low Cost of Ownership
Each new generation of Ethernet provides 10 times the bandwidth at only three to four times the cost of the previous generation.
10 Gbps WAN PHY links will cost less than 10 Gbps OC-192c links.
10 Gbps WAN PHY is an asynchronous Ethernet link
SONET/SDH is difficult, expensive to implement timing and jitter requirement
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17. Low Cost of Ownership(cont.)
When compatibility with SONET infrastructure is not a requirement, 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY will be the most cost-effective way to build 10 Gbps links for data networks.
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18. Ethernet Economics
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19. Support for New Application and Data types
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20. IEEE802.3ae
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21. The Design Objectives
Preserve the Ethernet frame format at MAC client server interface
Meet 802 functional requirements with the possible exception of hamming distance
Preserve the minimum and maximum frame size of the current standard
Support full duplex only
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22. The Design Objectives(cont.)
Support star-wired LANs using point-to-point links and structured cabling topologies
Specify an optional media independent interface(MII)
Support P802.3ad link aggregation
Support a speed of 10 Gbps at the MAC/PLS service interface
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23. The Design Objectives(cont.)
Define two familiar PHYs
A LAN PHY, operating at a data rate of 10Gb/s
AWAN PHY,operating at a data rate compatible with the payload rate of OC-192/SDH VC-4-64c
Define a mechanism to adapt the MAC/PLS data rate to the data rate of the WAN PHY
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24. The Design Objectives(cont.)
Provide Physical Layer specifications that support link distances
At least 100m over installed MMF
At least 300m over MMF
At least 2, 10, 40km over SMF
Support fiber media selected from the second edition of ISO/IEC 11801(802.3 to work with SC25/WG3 to develop appropriate specifications for any new fiber media).
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25. We are here!!
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26. Flow Chart Showing the IEEE Standard Process
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27. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard
The architecture components of the LAN and WAN PHY
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28. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard
MDI=Medium Dependent Interface
XGMII=10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface
PCS=Physical Coding Sublayer
PMA=Physical Medium Attachment
PMD=Physical Medium Dependent
WIS=WAN Interface Sublayer
Han-Chieh Chao

29. 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY Types
10GBase-R
For serial PMD type
64B/66B Code=>10.3GBaud
10GBase-X
For WWDM PMD type
8B/10B Code=>4x3.125GBaud
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30. 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN MAC
MAC data rate of 10 Gb/s
Using existing full duplex mode
New rate adaptation capability
Extend interframe gap
Not used for the LAN PHY types
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31. PMD Options
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32. 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY Types
Physical Coding Sublayer(PCS) provides packet delineation and scrambling for the LAN PHY.
The WAN PHY uses the same mechanism for packet delineation and scrambling in the SONET Payload.
The WAN Interface Sublayer(WIS) adds the SONET framing, scrambling (x7+x6+1), and overhead.
Han-Chieh Chao

33. 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN MAC
The MAC transmits a long Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) between packets when the WAN PHY is used.
The number of bytes added to each IPG is proportional to the length of the previous packet.
These extra bytes of IPG are removed during 64B/66B encoding to effectively reduce the data rate.
Han-Chieh Chao

34. PMD Options
Uses the same set of serial PMDs as the LAN PHY(850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm)
Support distances up to 300m on installed MMF and at least 40km on SMF.
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35. 10 Gigabit Ethernet Layer Datagram
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36. Detailed Illustration of the PHYs and Associated PMDs
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37. Application
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38. 802.3ae to 802.3z comparison
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39. Application for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN
10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN
10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN
10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN
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40. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN
Campus Backbone
Higher speed links
Inter-Campus
Long distance connectivity
Server Farm
Higher bandwidth content
Broadband Access driven demand to & from servers
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41. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.)
Extended Storage Area Networks
Meeting SAN QoS requirements across WANs
Removal of LAN bottlenecks
Eliminate of 1Gbps link aggregation issues
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42. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.)
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43. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN
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44. MAN Evolves… Ethernet reaches into the local loop Broadband Video
Telephony
Internet Access
Video-on-Demand
Video Conferencing
Telemedicine
Distance Learning
Others…
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45. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN
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46. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN(cont.)
Seamless access to the optical infrastructure
Simple, very high speed, low cost inter/intra-PoP connection
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47. Market Impact
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48. Market Impact(cont.)
10GbE revenue in WAN/MAN will grow over 2500% to $1.8 billion USD in 2003.
10GbE LAN will start significant penetration in 2003.
10GbE market will reach $3.6 billion USD in 2004.
Han-Chieh Chao

49. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN
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50. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN(cont.)
Devices connected via 10G Ethernet
Database servers
Technical/scientific/supercomputing
High-resolution Video
Local & Remote Data Mirroring
Centralized Backup
Storage Service Provider
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51. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN(cont.)
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52. LAN/MAN/WAN/SAN Ethernet
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53. Summary
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54. Summary
10 Gigabit Ethernet is the most important new networking technology.
It supports distances of 10km to 40km and operates across OC-192 SONET/STM-64 SDH infrastructure.
Potentially lowest total cost of ownership
Straightforward migration to higher performance levels.
Han-Chieh Chao

55. Summary(cont.)
Proven multi-vendor and installed base interoperability.
Familiar network management feature set.
End to end optical networks with common management systems.
Han-Chieh Chao