1. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 SubmissionAlireza Babaei, CableLabsSlide 1 Comments on LAA EVM Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.19. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Date: 2015-01-14 Authors: January 2015

2. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 SubmissionAlireza Babaei, CableLabsSlide 2 Abstract This document provides recommendations related to Annex A (Evaluation methodology) of the 3GPP draft study item document on Licensed-Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum: 3GPP TR 36.889 v0.1.0 (2014-11). The purpose of this contribution is to include these recommendations in an upcoming liaison from 802 to 3GPP on its ongoing LAA study item January 2015

3. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Summary of Recommendations Incorporate Truncated Exponential Backoff in LBT requirements and simulate its effect. For a complete understanding of LAA impact on Wi-Fi, a range of load densities should be simulated. Include VoIP and other traffic types as mandatory traffic models and evaluate corresponding performance metrics. Consider 256 QAM, LDPC and RTS/CTS mandatory for simulation. Slide 3 January 2015 Alireza Babaei, CableLabs

4. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) based on European regulations (ETSI 301 893 v1.7.1) is mainly considered as a coexistence mechanism in 3GPP contributions. LBT, as defined in the above ETSI document, has two forms : –Load Based and Frame Based Equipment (LBE and FBE) –3GPP contributions indicate majority opinion is tending towards LBE Concerns: –Fixed linear backoff window for extended CCA (q is fixed for a given device) –No increase with collision (q is fixed during operation) LBT 4 CC A 20 µs CC A 20 µs Extended CCA Extended CCA = N * 20 µs N ∈ {0, 1, …, q} and q ∈ {4, 5, …, 32} Channel Busy Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015 Slide 4

5. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Assume Load Based Equipment LBT, q = 32 Tx Success Rate: probability of any client sending successful burst Steps to Tx Success: –Client must pass CCA –Client must Tx without collision Results relative to the Tx Success Rate when both operators use Wi-Fi –1X applies to any client count LBT Simulation Results 5 Transmission Success Rate Gain/Loss 1X 0.23X 1.68X 1.53X 0.12X Poor coexistence with Wi-Fi Simulation Assumptions: Full buffer traffic, all nodes within CCA range of each other, single 20 MHz channel, co-channel operation, clients and APs/eNBs are stationary, Wi-Fi STAs use EDCA, BE AC (AIFS = 3, CWmin = 15) Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015 Slide 5 Conclusion: Version 1.7.1 of ESTI LBT rules are not sufficient for fair Coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi

6. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission What version of LBT to use? 802.11 has proven success in enabling sharing between independent systems in a wide variety of use cases an load scenarios. The basis of this success is EDCA which is based on CSMA/CA; CSMA/CA is an LBT mechanism using truncated exponential backoff. The use of a similar mechanism by LAA should provide the basis for fair sharing between LAA and Wi-Fi (and also between LAA and LAA) –The Wi-Fi Alliance made a proposal to ETSI BRAN that defines LBT with exponential backoff for LAA (See [3]) John Doe, Some CompanySlide 6 Recommendation: Incorporate Truncated Exponential Backoff in LBT requirements and simulate its effect January 2015

7. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Recommendation: For a complete understanding of LAA impact on Wi-Fi, a range of load densities should be simulated System Load Section A.1.1 lists the parameters for indoor LAA coexistence evaluation. Only 10 LAA UEs or Wi-Fi clients is assumed per unlicensed band carrier for DL-only LAA coexistence evaluation. The impact of LAA (using EU LBT) on Wi-Fi clients is more evident at high system load particularly when number of nodes is large –See the backup slides. Slide 7Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015

8. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Traffic model Wi-Fi and LAA have to operate in unlicensed spectrum carrying a variety of traffic types including voice, video, FTP, etc. However, the simulations evaluating the fairness of LAA with Wi-Fi is currently limited to FTP. Once initial simulations showing basic fairness between Wi-Fi and LAA are complete, further simulations will be required to ensure fairness and functionality are maintained using a variety of traffic types in a diversity of use and load scenarios. Slide 8 Recommendation: Include VoIP and other traffic types as a mandatory traffic models and evaluate corresponding performance metrics. Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015

9. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Assumptions on Wi-Fi Parameters Section A.2.1 lists Wi-Fi system evaluation assumptions. 256 QAM and LDPC are considered optional. –Use of lower order modulation (when SINR is sufficient for 256 QAM) means unnecessarily longer frame duration. Longer frame duration increases the backoff period and decreases the channel utilization for other Wi-Fi clients. RTS/CTS is considered optional. –The hidden node behavior of two wireless systems is key to coexistence. RTS/CTS is optional but commonly used in congested environments. Slide 9 Recommendation: Consider 256 QAM, LDPC and RTS/CTS mandatory for simulation Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015

10. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission References [1] Study on Licensed-Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum, 3GPP TR 36.889 v0.1.0 (2014-11) [2] 802.19-14/0082r0: Overview of EU LBT and its Effectiveness for Coexistence of LAA LTE and Wi-Fi [3] ETSI BRAN(14)000102 Slide 10Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015

11. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Backup Slide 11Alireza Babaei, CableLabs January 2015

12. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission Overall Simulation Assumptions: –All nodes are within CCA range of each other –Single channel access scenario –Full buffer traffic –802.11 EDCA channel access modeled –Best Effort access category (AIFSN = 3, CWmin = 15) –Stationary nodes –Monte Carlo simulations with 1,000,000 TXOPs evaluated per data point ETSI LBT Assumptions: –Always use extended CCA –LBE rules Implemented by LAA nodes Simulation Parameters 12 Alireza Babaei, CableLabsSlide 12 January 2015

13. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission ETSI LBT performs poorly compared to Wi-Fi channel access –Lower q value = worse performance Poor coexistence behavior when sharing and >5 clients/operator –LAA clients get significantly higher P(success) compared to Wi-Fi clients i.e. black lines are all above the red lines. –At a certain client count, LAA clients nearly starve Wi-Fi clients i.e. P(success) approaches zero This value varies with q, best case shown Successful Packet Transmission 13 Alireza Babaei, CableLabsSlide 13 January 2015

14. doc.: IEEE 802.19-15/0007r0 Submission ETSI LBT performs poorly compared to Wi-Fi channel access –Collision rate increases rapidly to 1 for low q values –Even for q = 32, collision rate dominates after 12 transmitting clients per operator Inefficient channel usage for low q and/or scenarios with ~25 or more transmitting nodes. Attributed to non-increasing backoff range Collisions in the Shared Channel 14 Alireza Babaei, CableLabsSlide 14 January 2015