1. Thailand energy solution: Energy from household and agricultural waste
Practical on waste to energy by
Thanes Utistham, Ph.D.
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)
7 February 2015

2. Final energy consumption in Thailand
Presentation Outline
Introduction: TISTR
Final energy consumption in Thailand
Potential of agricultural waste in Thailand
Conversion technologies: Gasification and Pyrolysis 2

3. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), วว.

4. Research and Development for Sustainable Development
TISTR is state enterprise under Ministry of Science and Technology, 1963
Research and Development for Sustainable Development
Research and Development for Bio-Industries
Industrial Services
Administration
Staff ~ 900 4

5. Energy technology department Research and Development for Sustainable Development
Employees: 38 persons
Doctor 11
Master 8
Bachelor 15
Diploma 4 5 5

6. ฝ่ายเทคโนโลยีพลังงาน กลุ่มวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน
ฝ่ายเทคโนโลยีพลังงาน กลุ่มวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน
Energy technology department Research and Development for Sustainable Development
Ethanol plant….NEDO…/ 1981
Ethanol production
Bio diesel production
Biomass to liquid fuel (DME/methanol/synthetic diesel- gasoline/plastic oil/ Bio oil)
Biomass/MSW power plant
Synthesis oil pilot plant (DME/methanol/gasoline/diesel) / 2015
Bio diesel pilot plant...JICA…/ 2011 6 6

7. 2. Final energy consumption in Thailand
Petroleum products million million ฿/y
Diesel 19,200 m. liter/y
Gasoline 7,300 m. liter/y
Fuel oil 2,400 m. liter/y Bio oil
Electricity million ฿/y
NG 71%
Coal 21% 7 7

8. 3. Potential of agricultural waste in Thailand
Biomass : Agricultural waste 8 8

9. Pre-selected crops residues

10. Potential of Biomasses as Renewable Energy Sources

11. Residue biomass 11

12. Residue biomass (cont.)12

13. Residue biomass (cont.)
กิโลตันน้ำมันดิบ/ปี 13

14. 14

15. 4. Conversion technologies
Replace with presentation notes here.
4. Conversion technologies
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX
Gasification………..Gas
Pyrolysis……………Oil / Charcoal 15 15

16. Synthetic oil via F-T Synthesis, Thermal decomposition
Productions of fuels from Biomasses via Pyrolysis & Gasification
Gasification Temp: ºC Oxygen: > 30% Syngas: 85 % Char: 10 % Bio-oil: 5 %
Synthetic oil via F-T Synthesis,
Syngas
(CO, H2, CH4)
H2 for Fuel Cell
Thermal decomposition
Biomasses
Charcoal
Bio-oil
Pyrolysis Temp: ºC Oxygen : ~ 0 % Syngas: 13 % Char: 12 % Bio-oil: 75 %
Synthetic oil via HDO
Source: TISTR

17. Gasification 17

18. Liquid products collector
Capacity: 5 kW
ปี 2004
Feedstock dryer
Dust collector 2
Wet scrubber
Heat exchanger
Liquid products collector
Gasifier
Pyrolyser
Dust collector 1
Ash collector
Filter
Blower 18

19. Capacity: 20 kW
ปี 2005 19
Source: TISTR

20. NEDO collaboration on Gasification technology20

21. NEDO collaboration on Gasification technology (Cont.)21 21

22. NEDO collaboration on Pyrolysis technology22

23. Plasma gasification 23 23

24. Pyrolysis Pyrolysis technology, 1 atm, ~ 500 oC Slow pyrolysis
Fast pyrolysis
Flash pyrolysis
Main product
By-products
Char
Bio oil<50% , Gas
Bio oil <70%
Char, Gas
Bio oil >70%
Char, Gas 24

25. Fast pyrolysis Bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer
Circulating fluidized bed pyrolyzer
Rotating cone pyrolyzer
Ablative pyrolyzer
Vacuum pyrolyzer
Auger/Screw pyrolyzer 25

26. Innovation on Production and Automotive Utilization of Biofuels from Non-food Biomass

27. Life cycle of Jatropha Jatropha cake
Source: modified from Somchuewiang , Bio-oil Production from Jatropha cake via Two-Stage Screw Pyrolyzer

28. Participants and Tasks
日タイの相互のポテンシャル
Task 5
New fuels production technology
New fuels engine technology
AIST
Waseda U.
NSTDA/MTEC
TISTR
BDF upgrading / Bio oil production/ Bio oil upgrading　　　　　
Evaluation of engine and emission performances
Task 1,2,3
Task 4
Task 3
Jatropha　(From oil to residues）
New fuels assessment technology
Evaluation of combustion performances
LCA analysis of new fuels production
BDF detoxification/ Bio oil production/ Bio separation
BDF production/ BDF upgrading/ Bio oil production
BDF upgrading / Bio oil upgrading　　　　　
KMUTNB
Capacity building
Source: modified from AIST

29. Extruded screw fast pyrolyzer
Source: TISTR 29
Capacity: 3 kg/hr

30. Schematic of extruded screw fast pyrolyzer
Size ~ 1.0 mm
Torrification Stage
Pyrolysis Stage
Diameter = 8 cm, Length = 50 cm, Pitch = 1 cm
Schematic of extruded screw fast pyrolyzer 30
Capacity: 3 kg/hr

31. Screw fast pyrolyzer 11 31

32. Results Summary Overview Major Title
Replace with presentation notes here.
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX
Results 32 32

33. Water + Bio oil
Bio oil 15

34. Jatropha residues Temperature ~ 500 oC,
Water soluble bio oil / Water
20.86%
Replace with presentation notes here.
Liquid, 40.40%
Water insoluble bio oil, 19.54%
LHV, 21,638 kJ/kg
Conclusions
Jatropha residues Temperature ~ 500 oC,
LHV = 16,438 kJ/kg
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX
Gas, 33.22%
Char, 26.38%
LHV, 26,530 kJ/kg 34 34

35. Results Water soluble bio oil/Water, 20.86% Liquid, 40.40%
Replace with presentation notes here.
Liquid, 40.40%
Water insoluble bio oil, 19.54%
40-70%
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX
20-30%
Results
Gas, 33.22%
10-30%
Char, 26.38%
10-20% 35 35

36. Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer
Condenser
Loop seal
Control
Combustor
Screw feeder
Pyrolyzer
Capacity: 10 kg/hr 36

37. Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer
Cyclone 1&2
Condenser, 1 & 2
ESP
Loop-seal
Pyrolized gas + char + sand
Char + sand
Liquid product, 30 %
Bio-oil, 15%
Exhaust gas
Combustor
Oil burner
Riser ºC
Sand bed
Ø µm
Pyrolyzer
500ºC
Jatropha cake
Air
Nitrogen
Source: TISTR
Air

38. Cyclone 3
Electrostatic precipitator,ESP,15%
Liquid product, 30%

39. Electrostatic precipitator,ESP,15%
Replace with presentation notes here.
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX 39 39

40. Current and voltage condition in ESP
Current (mA)
Spark over voltage N2
N2 + oil mist
Slowly increased the voltage of ESP from 0 to 12 kV to investigate the discharged current.
Compared the current between the only N2 flow case and mixed N2 with oil mist flow case performed in the ESP.

41. Torrified Jatropha cake
Encountered Problems
Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer
Torrified Jatropha cake
Agglomerated ash
Agglomerated char
Bio-oil harnessing
Source: TISTR

42. Encountered Problems
Bio-oil harnessing
Source: TISTR

43. Water + Bio oil from condenser 1 & 243

44. Bio oil from electrostatic precipitator, ESP
Replace with presentation notes here.
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading. XXXX
Bio oil from electrostatic precipitator, ESP 44 44

45. The yield of liquid product is approximately 45%
Liquid product yields
The yield of liquid product is approximately 45%

46. Liquid product yields
The yield of liquid product is approximately 45% on the recent production.
Approximately 15 L of total liquid products were collected from the condensers, paraffin scrubber and ESP.

47. Bio-oil VS Heavy Fuel oil
Source :

48. ธเนศ อุทิศธรรม
Thanes Utistham

49. Technology Strength VS Market Attractiveness of Pyrolyzers