1. Developing the Security Program
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Lecture 5:
Developing the Security Program
You got to be careful if you don’t know where you’re going,
because you might not get there. – Yogi Berra

2. Introduction: Information Security Program
The overall combination of technical, operational and procedural measures, and management structures implemented to provide for the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information based on business requirements and risk analysis1
Ex. Federal Government Security
Ex. University of Washington
1ISACA, CISM® Review Manual 2008, USA, 2007, p. 34

3. Organizing for Security
Variables involved in structuring an information security program:

4. Does Size Matter? :Approaches to Programs
Larger Organization
Medium Sized Organization
Small Business

5. Security: Very Large Organizations
Security budgets often grow faster than IT budgets
Even with a large budget, the average amount spent on security per user is still smaller than any other type of organization

6. Security: Large Organizations
Security approach has often matured, integrating planning and policy into the organization’s culture
One approach separates functions into four areas:
Non-technology business units outside of IT
IT groups outside of information security area
Information Security Dept. (customer service)
Information Security Dept. (compliance)

7. Security: Large Organizations (cont’d.)
The CISO has responsibility for information security functions
The deployment of full-time security personnel depends on:
Sensitivity of the information to be protected
Industry regulations
General profitability
Budgetary Constraints

8. Security: Medium-Sized Organizations

9. Security: Small Organizations

10. Components of the Security Program
Organization’s information security needs
Unique to the culture, size, and budget of the organization
Determining what level the information security program operates on depends on the organization’s strategic plan

11. Critical Elements of the Security Program
Senior management commitment to information security initiatives
Management understanding of information security issues
Information security planning prior to implementation of new technologies
Integration between business and information security
Alignment of information security with the organization’s objectives
Executive and line management ownership and accountability for implementing, monitoring and reporting on information security
Additionally:
Appropriate employee SETA on asset protection
Consistent enforcement of InfoSec policies/standards
Ability to cost-justify security

12. Information Security Roles and Titles
Types of information security positions
Those that define
Those that build
Those that administer
A typical organization has a number of individuals with information security responsibilities

13. Implementing Security Education, Training, and Awareness Programs
SETA program
Benefits
Purpose

14. SETA: Security Education
Employees within information security may be encouraged to seek a formal education
Depth of knowledge
Some organizations may refer to the certifications offered in that field

15. SETA: Security Education Developing Education Program
Once the knowledge areas are identified, common knowledge areas are aggregated into teaching domains
Course design
Should enable a student to obtain the required knowledge and skills upon completion of the program
Identify the prerequisite knowledge for each class

16. SETA: Security Training
Involves providing detailed information and hands-on instruction
Management can either develop customized training or outsource
Customizing training for users:
Functional Background
Skill Level

17. SETA: Training Techniques
Using the wrong method can hinder the transfer of knowledge
Good training programs
Training is often for one or a few individuals
Selection of the training delivery method
Not always based on the best outcome for the trainee
Types of Delivery Methods
One-on-one
Computer-based training (CBT)
Formal class
Distance learning &
web seminars
On-the-job training
Self-study
(non-computerized)
User support group

18. SETA: Security Awareness
Less frequently implemented, but most effective security methods
Security awareness programs:
Set the stage for training by changing organizational attitudes to realize the importance of security and the adverse consequences of its failure
Remind users of the procedures to be followed

19. SETA: Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Best practices:
Focus on people
Refrain from using technical jargon
Use every available venue
Define learning objectives, state them clearly, and provide sufficient detail and coverage
Keep things light
Don’t overload the users
Help users understand their roles in InfoSec
Take advantage of in-house communications media
Make the awareness program formal
Plan and document all actions
Provide good information early, rather than perfect information late

20. SETA: Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Commandments of information security awareness training
Information security is a people issue
Speak their language
If they cannot see it, they will not learn it
Make your point, support it, and conclude it
Always let the recipients know how the behavior that you request will affect them
Formalize your training methodology
Always be timely

21. SETA: Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Designed to modify any employee behavior that endangers the security of the organization’s information
Effective programs make employees accountable for their actions
Dissemination and enforcement of policy become easier
Demonstrating due care and due diligence can help indemnify the institution against lawsuits

22. SETA: Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Awareness can take on different forms for particular audiences
A security awareness program can use many methods to deliver its message
Recognize that people tend to practice a tuning out process (acclimation)

23. SETA: Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Many security awareness components are available at little or no cost
Others can be very expensive
Examples of security awareness components
Videos
Another One
Posters and banners
Lectures and conferences
Computer-based training

24. Case Discussion: Safety Approach to IS Communications
Security Communications
Mental Models
Risk Perception
Risk Compensation

25. Security Awareness (cont’d.)
Organizations can establish Web pages or sites dedicated to promoting information security awareness
Tips on creating and maintaining an educational Web site (cont’d.)
Keep page loading time to a minimum
Seek feedback
Assume nothing and check everything
Spend time promoting your site

26. Case: Making InfoSec User Friendly
User mentality
Approach to information assets
Loss of information
Improving the current model/approach to InfoSec

27. Case: Positive Outcomes for Awareness Training
Technology alone cannot deal with
all information security risks

28. Discussion Topics
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nesting the information security role within the information technology (IT) part of the organization. Discuss posters, trinkets, and Web sites as information security awareness methods. What are some advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which do you think is the best method and why?

29. Useful Resources
Building an SETA program
Microsoft Security Awareness

30. Summary Organizing for security
Placing information security within an organization
Components of the security program
Information security roles and titles
Implementing security education, training, and awareness programs

31. Reminders Next Week Demo Project – Start to brainstorm Term Paper
Security Management Models
Demo Project – Start to brainstorm
Term Paper
Need topic by next week