1. CIT 381 What are databases? What are (R)DBMSs? How do we use/access databases? WWW and databases (client server) Who works with databases? History of databases

2. What are databases? A database is basically any structured collection of data. –Contact list in cell phone –Text File (/etc/hosts) –XML file –Computer databases are generally relational databases such as: UO student/faculty database UPS package tracking Bank transactions

3. Types of Databases Operational Databases –Dynamic data –OLTP (online transaction processing) Data Warehouses –Static, read-only data –OLAP (online analytic processing)

4. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) The physical database: – a collection of files containing the data content The schema: –a specification of the physical database’s information content and logical structure The database engine: –software that lets people access and modify the database contents The data definition and manipulation languages: –programming languages, such as Java or SQL (Structured Query Language), that let software developers define the schema and access the database

5. RDBMs PC MS Access Corel Paradox FileMaker Pro Enterprise or Industrial Oracle (34%) Informix and DB2 – IBM (30%) SQL Server (14%) Open Source Mysql PostgressSQL

6. How do we use/access databases? Ad-hoc queries via SQL Custom built interface (forms, reports) ATMs, cash registers, other hardware More and more the www is used to access or manipulate databases. –Client server paradigm

7. Client Server Paradigm

8. Web browser –Formats and displays Web pages –Requests pages from Web server –Collects user inputs and sends them to server Web server –Sends Web pages to browser –Accepts and processes user input –Sends requests to information server Information Server –Accepts requests from Web server –Manages complex information resources –Contains database server

9. Data Access/Language Tools –SQL –Perl –Php –ASP –ColdFusion –WebDB, PL/SQL (Oracle) –DataBlade (Informix) –ASP.Net and VB.net –Java or JDBC –XML –VB, C++ or other languages with ESQL support

10. <?php $conn=odbc_connect(‘bighit','',''); if (!$conn) {exit("Connection Failed: ". $conn);} $sql="SELECT * FROM customer"; $rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql); if (!$rs) {exit("Error in SQL");} echo " "; echo " Account ID "; echo " Last Name "; while (odbc_fetch_row($rs)) { $accountId=odbc_result($rs,“accountId"); $lastName=odbc_result($rs,“lastName"); echo " $accountId "; echo " $lastName "; } odbc_close($conn); echo " "; ?>

11. Who works with Databases? Database designers Applications developers Web-application developers Web-site designers Database administrators

12. History of Databases before 1960 transition from punched card and tape 1960s, from file management to databases –Bachman (GE) IDS and data structure diagrams –IMS from IBM, Hierarchical Data Model –IMS DB/DC, Network Model and communication –SABRE, multi-user access with network 1970s, CODASYL and Relational Model –Codd (IBM) Relational Model –Chen introduced Entity Relationship Model –Query languages developed (SQL) 1980s, Client/Server DBs, Oracle, DB2, Data Warehouses –PC databases, DBase, Paradox, etc. –SQL standard for definition and manipulation 1990s, web-based information delivery –Trends: expert DBs, object DBs, distributed DBs 2000s, Enhancing database technology for Web storage and access –Bioinformatics: genetic and protein information, medical records –Using the Web as a database –XML