1. Flux through Peat An investigation into fluid flow in the Serpentine Bog, Belgrade Lakes Watershed, Maine

2. Belgrade Lakes A – Maine B – Belgrade Lakes Watershed C – Surficial Geology D – Bedrock Geology

3. Site Description Serpentine BogCorridor

4. Cross Section

5. Hydraulic Head

6. Darcy’s Law Discharge (Q) Cross-sectional area (A) Hydraulic gradient (dh/dl) Constant (K)

7. Hydraulic Head and Weather Data Northern Transect Southern Transect Serpentine Datalogger Weather

8. Slug Tests Piezometer T 37 Conductivity (hours)(cm/s) N1d<21.18E-04 N2d71.43.30E-06 N3d17.31.36E-05 N4d9.32.55E-05 S1d3.56.67E-05 S2d67.53.49E-06 S3d<12.36E-04 S4d<21.18E-04 Average21.87.30E-05 Northern Transect Southern Transect Serpentine Datalogger

9. Numerical Modeling Why? (1) Test hypotheses about groundwater flow through a system (2) Predict how the system would respond to different conditions How?(1) Finite Difference Grid (2) Properties and Boundaries (3) Calibration (4) Additional Models Column Row Layer

10. Hydraulic Properties Slug Tests Cross Section Layer 1 Row 17

11. Boundaries

12. Base Model Results Groundwater Map (Layer 1) Velocity Map (Layer 1) Velocity Map (Row 3) Surface Water Head = 9.71 m Recharge = 1347 mm/year

13. Calibration

14. Runs 1 & 2 Surface Water Head = 9.71 m Recharge = -86 mm/year Surface Water Head = 9.71 m Recharge = 2353 mm/year Groundwater Map Layer 1 Velocity Row 3 Velocity

15. Groundwater Map Layer 1 Velocity Row 3 Velocity Surface Water Head = 9.58 m Recharge = 1347 mm/year Runs 3 & 4 Surface Water Head = 10.02 m Recharge = 1347 mm/year

16. Conclusions Geometry K = 3.49*10-6 cm/s to ~2.36*10-4 cm/s General ideas on fluid flux Effect of water table and precipitation on system Temporal changes > spatial changes How much faith should be placed in any numerical model?

17. Acknowledgements Dr. Jennifer Shosa Dr. Bruce Rueger, Dr. Robert Gastaldo and Alice Ridky Dr. Whitney King Katie Curtis and Dan Pace Jerry and Betsy Tipper East Pond Association ACS-PRF Grant # 40810-GB8

18. Hydraulic Head [Elevation above 0 datum (m)]T 37 Conductivity AverageStdDevMaxMin(hours)(cm/s) N1d9.880.1110.179.77<21.18E-04 N2d9.930.1010.179.8571.43.30E-06 N3d9.840.019.869.8317.31.36E-05 N4d10.020.0510.129.969.32.55E-05 S1d9.960.1110.249.853.56.67E-05 S2d9.870.0910.079.7667.53.49E-06 S3d10.010.1210.199.84<12.36E-04 S4d9.950.0610.169.78<21.18E-04 Piezometer Average9.930.0810.129.8321.87.30E-05 Serpentine Gauge9.710.1410.029.58