1. Morphology Words and Rules

2. Lexicon collection of the meaningful sound and their meanings in a language dictionaries attempt to be written versions of a language’s lexicon two word types: content & function Content: provide content to utterances; open class Function: provide grammatical connections; closed class

3. Content Words vs Function Words Content: drastic change He went to the hospital because she ran with scissors I went to the Bahamas because I won with the Power Ball Function: subtle change She left me because I was unemployed She left me while I was unemployed She left me when I was unemployed

4. Content Words vs Function Words The brain treats the two differently FINNISHED FLIES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERINCE OF YEARS

5. Morphemes Morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning A word might have more than one morpheme Words with only one morpheme are called monomorphemic Morphology: study of morphemes and the rules used to create new words Use both lexicon and morphological rules in creating language

6. Types of Morphemes Free: can stand on own Bound: must be attached Affixes non productive roots Roots: cannot be reduced anymore “bank” in banker “ceive” in receive Stem: root with an affix attached

7. Inflectional Morphemes -s 3 rd person singular present -ed past tense -ing progressive -en past participle -s plural -s possessive -er comparative -est superlative Mark tense, gender, case, etc

8. Derivational morpheme Noun  Adj alcohol + ic Verb  Noun sing + er Adj  Adv exact +ly Adj  Noun feudal + ism Verb  Adj create + ive Noun  Verb moral + ize Allows the word to take on another grammatical role and/or semantic function

9. Derivational morpheme Noun  Noun friend + ship Paul + ine Verb  Verb re + cover un + do Adj  Adj pink + ish a + moral Just changes semantic

10. Allomorphs When one morpheme is pronounced more than one way consistent and predictable past tense inflection; plural inflection; singular abstract article Allomorphic rules guide the usage of different allomorphs

11. Adding Words to the Lexicon Lexical Gaps nylon, Kodak Affixation uglification, writable Compounds girlfriend, blue-green, graduate school Borrowing kindergarten, raccoon Back formations typewriter  typewrite Acronyms scuba, NASA Clipping grad, blog Eponyms sandwich, xerox Blends infomercial, infoganda