1. Depth Cues What is a cue –Independent source of information about depth (when interpreted) –Cue types Monocular static Monocular dynamic Binocular Metric, relative, ordinal

2. Possible Cue List Accomodation/ Convergence Arial perspective Stereopsis Height in visual field Motion disparity Occlusion Relative Size Relative density Linear Perspective Shading/shadows Texture gradients Kinetic depth (depth from motion) Dynamic occlusion (accretion deletion) Gravity

3. Range of Cue Effectiveness

4. Cue strength

5. Occlusion

6. Relative Size

7. Eye Height  h

8. Atmospheric Perspective

9. Motion Parallax http://psych.hanover.edu/Krantz/MotionParallax/MotionParallax.html

10. Convergence Known angle, inter-ocular separation, Known angle => Depth of fixation point

11. Accommodation/Blur 1)Knowing your current focal length 2)Blur gradient

12. Stereo Disparity

13. Texture Gradient Size, Shape (compression), Density Knill, 1998

14. Perspective

15. Shadows/Interreflections

16. Shadows

17. Gravity Acceleration profile => Size + Depth Can affect scale of whole layout

18. Cue Combination Weighted combination (weak fusion) of estimates Cooperative combination –Disambiguation (cue promotion) –No indendepent estimates are possible Suppression (Veto)

20. What’s wrong? Ron Davis Six-Ninths Blue, 1966 Ames Room

21. Quant. Immersion Why did we read this? 1)controlled evaluation of performance in VR 2) Illustrates problems in purely empirical approach to quantifying cue effects in VR. 3) Cue du jour: Head movements

22. Problems Shows difficulties in direct empirical approach. –Can’t test everything –Prediction? What prediction? Quant. Immersion? Hey, wait a minute. Did they ever measure immersion?

23. Horopter