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L-24 Revolutionary Situation 1895-1904 4. Liberation Movement.

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1 L-24 Revolutionary Situation 1895-1904 4. Liberation Movement

2 Themes 1.Paradigm: 1895: “no party, no idea, no base” 1904: “parties, ideologies, mass base” 2.“All-nation Liberation Movement”=all classes, all ethnic groups against autocracy 3.Liberationists/Revolutionaries: Profile 4.Liberals: moderates to radicals 5.Populists: rearmed, redefined 6.Marxists: uniting, dividing

3 A. Intelligentsia: Revolutionaries and Liberationists 1.Intelligentsia: spectrum 2.Growth 3.Democratization

4 Table 1 Number Arrested Per Annum PeriodAnnual Average of Revolutionaries Arrested 1884-1890615 1901-19032598

5 Table 2 Revolutionaries: Social Origins Estate1884-18901901-3 Nobility3111 Clergy62 Merchants124 Townspeople2844 Peasants1937 Other42

6 Table 3 Revolutionaries: Education Education1884-18901901-3 University3412 Secondary3313 Elementary1233 Literate1330 Illiterate712

7 Table 4 Revolutionaries: Occupation Occupation1884-18901901-3 Student2610 White-collar1211 Civil servant62 Private sector117 Agriculture710 Worker1647 Trade4 Other209

8 B. Liberal “Society” 1.From “society” to “civil society” 2.Constituency: landowners and professionals 3.Zemtsy: moderate zemstvo movement 4.Union of Liberation

9 Liberal Leadership Ivan I. Petrunkevich Pavel N. Miliukov Petr B. Struve Sergei A. Muromtsev

10 Zemstvo Doctor (1900)

11 C. Neo-Populism: PSR 1.Populists of 1870s: mass base or terror? 2.Crisis of the 1890s 3.Refurbishing populism 4.PSR: mass base and terror

12 The Arrest of a Propagandist Repin, 1892

13 PSR Leaders Victor Chernov Boris Savinkov Grigorii A. Gershuni Evno Azef

14 D. Marxism 1.Foundations 2.Breakthrough, formation of RSDLP 3.Crisis of Russian Social Democracy 4.Schism: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

15 Karl Marx in Russian Das Kapital (1872) Communist Manifesto (1882 )

16 First Wave of Russian Marxists Georgii V. Plekhanov Vera Zasulich Pavel B. Akselrod Aleksandr Potresov

17 St. Petersburg Union for the Liberation of Labor (1896)

18 Ulianov Family, 1879

19 Vladimir I. (Ulianov) Lenin 18861917 18961924

20 Lenin’s What Is To Be Done? The Most Painful Questions of Our Movement (1902)

21 Prominent Social Democrats Nadezhda Krupskaia Lev Trotsky Iulii Martov Iosif Stalin

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