1. PAF101 PAF 101 “There is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things.” -Niccolo Machiavelli Module 5, Lecture 6

2. Class Agenda Announcements Dale Carnegie Strategies Change in South Africa Assignments

3. Community Service Final community service form due Monday 4/20 before class 12:45 Essay answers should be typed on a separate sheet of paper (if not in PAF 110) Be sure to attach perspective form and/or any emails for site approval If late, points will be deducted as they are on modules.

4. - 35 Points Service outside Onondaga County or at SU Not at an appropriate site -15 Points Did not attach essay questions (unless in PAF 110) Did not get approval for a service sit however it was an acceptable form of community service -5 Points Essay responses not thorough Did not attach form of permission however, did completed perspective form or emailed Community Service Director 5 Hour Requirement Grading Policies NOTE: Students do not GAIN 35 points from fulfilling the 5 hour requirement, they can only LOSE points

5. Daily Dose of Dale Start with questions the other person will say yes to

6. Competition Points GroupPoints A19 C16 G B13 E9 F8 H7 I5 D3 As of 4/15/2015

7. Prince Chart PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Office of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4 Probability of Implementation: 44 / 224 = 20% SU tuition increases should be held to the rate of inflation

8. Choosing A Player With which to develop a strategy  Firm Issue Position  High Priority  High Power PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Office of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4

9. Exercise 10.1 Player Implementing the Strategy Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat

10. 10 S.W.O.T. Analysis for Your Player StrengthWeakness Capabilities? Competitive advantages? Resources, Assets, People? Experience, knowledge, data? Financial reserves, likely returns? Marketing - reach, awareness? Innovative aspects? Location and geographical? Processes, systems, IT, communications? Cultural, attitudinal, behavioral Gaps in capabilities? Lack of competitive strength? Reputation, presence and reach? Financials? Own known vulnerabilities? Timescales, deadlines and pressures? Effects on core activities, distraction? Reliability of data, plan predictability? Morale, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc.? OpportunityThreat Market developments? Technology development and innovation? Regional influences? New markets, vertical, horizontal? Niche target markets? Geographical, export, import? Information and research? Partnerships, agencies, distribution? Volumes, production, economies? Political effects? Legislative effects? Environmental effects? IT developments? Market demand? New technologies, services, ideas? Vital contracts and partners? Sustaining internal capabilities? Obstacles faced? Sustainable financial backing? Economy - home, abroad?

11. Thinking About Strategies A strategy for Exercises 10.1-10.4 is a specific action your chosen player will take to move the probability close to his or her issue position. Making arguments using research and emotion are a given and therefore can not be your strategy

12. Thinking About Strategies What actions can you take to change: Issue Position Power Priorities PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Office of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4

13. Lowest issue position (best to start with) Highest priority Highest power Change Issue Position of Players With: PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Office of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4

14. Threats must: Target a specific player Be credible Not push other players to oppose you Not raise priority of the players that oppose your position PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Office of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4

15. Promises must be: Credible Not illegal Specific A.K.A horse trading, back scratching, quid pro quo, trade-offs PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince Board of Trustees-554-100 Chancellor-454-80 Student Association+424+32 Dean of Financial Aid+214+8 Alumni Association+122+4

16. A compromise is taking less than you wanted. Compromises must be: Specific Appealing to the player Credible Not throwing the baby out with the bath water

17. Actions to take to change your player’s power: Numbers Money Long terms and very difficult Allies

18. How the greatest change agent of the 21 st century used the Prince System

19. Facts About South Africa Population About 13% White, 75% Black, 9% Mixed, and 3% Indian 16th Century Dutch Colonize and Become Afrikaners 1910 - British Takeover After Beating Up Afrikaners 1948 - National Party Establishes Apartheid As Law 1950’s-1990’s - Organized and Violent Opposition 1994 - Multi-Racial Regime Headed By Mandela Takes Power

20. Facts about Mandela Joins African National Congress (ANC) in 1942 Jailed in 1963 Released in 1990 Becomes President in 1994

21. Figure 1: 1986 Prince Chart PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince ANC +515+25 Communist Party +515+25 Pan African Congress +212+4 Liberal Party +515+25 National Party -455-100 Conservative Parties -535-75 West and Int’l Business +331+9 Military -545-100 Inkatha +215+10 “One person, one vote in South Africa” Probability of Implementation : 98/373= 26%

22. Timing is everything, as in the case of all change Facts About South Africa Decline of South African Economy Building of International Pressure Fall of Soviet Union Growing fear of civil war by all sides

23. Figure 2: 1990 Prince Chart PlayerIssue PositionPowerPriorityPrince ANC +535+75 Communist Party +515+25 Pan African Congress +212+4 Liberal Party +515+25 National Party +255+50 Conservative Parties -535-75 West and Int’l Business +331+9 Military +145+20 Inkatha +235+30 “One person, one vote in South Africa” Probability of Implementation : 238/313= 76%

24. Major challenges were overcome by threats, promises, horse trading, and compromise 1.Cohesion of “friends” – ANC, PAC, Lib. Party, Communist Party, Inkatha, International Business and Most Countries 2.Building Trust with “enemies” – National Party, Military, Conservative Parties Facts About South Africa

25. Lessons About Change Change is very slow and very hard Macro social, economic, and political trends have to be properly aligned Fear is the most powerful source of change, greed is the second most powerful Capacity for compromise comes from culture, circumstance, and leadership

26. Speaker Next Class (4/17) Frank J. Lazarski President United Way of Central New York 518 James Street P.O. Box 2129 Syracuse, New York 13220 315-428-2201 Flazarski@unitedway-cny.org **You should come to class on Friday prepared with questions to ask!

27. For Next Class Review what you wrote for 9.2-9.5 Complete the exercises in Chapter 10 Start thinking about 11.1 Community service forms due on Monday April 20 th by 12:45! http://classes.maxwell.syr.edu/paf101