1. Genetic thinning of clonal seed orchards using linear deployment Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future November 1-5, 2004 Charleston Wednesday 1:30-5:40 PM Concurrent Session II: Advances in Reproductive Biology and Seed Orchards Moderator: Clem Lambeth 4:25-4:50 Seed orchard Thinning Using Linear Deployment of Clones Dag Lindgren, SLU, Sweden

2. The authors Mohan Varghese Dag Lindgren Finnvid Prescher

3. Presents a genetic thinning algorithm Known: Ramet number and breeding value for each clone Result: Number of ramets to be rouged for each clone

4. The algorithm combines the two desires: High effective number of clones and High genetic gain

5. Linear deployment is optimal for establishment! No other deployment combines higher gain with higher effective number

7. At thinning ramets cannot be added, just withdrawn. The algorithm has to be modified. Linear deployment for genetic thinning

9. The optimal line is the same for all clones Bondesson, L. and Lindgren, D. 1993. Optimal utilization of clones and genetic thinning of seed orchards. Silvae Genet. 42: 157-163.

10. Math

11. More math… The linear deployment thinning algorithm maximizing G at Ne is as follows: The algorithm results in an optimal combination of G, Ne and ramets remaining, but there are many optimal combinations. The specific solution is given by the choice of g0 and b. g 0 and b are chosen to result in desired combination of values for G, N e and ramets remaining. (Bondesson and Lindgren 1993). Note that linear deployment can be seen as a solution searching for a problem, and not as usual a problem asking for a solution. This presentation shows three practical applications

12. Genetic thinning characteristics 1.Remaining ramets 2.Genetic gain (breeding value) 3.Effective clone number Linear deployment thinning is optimal No other deployment can increase one of these three factors without decreasing another

13. This is first presentation of applications of the algorithm published 1993!

14. Put into a worksheet… Output: Gain, effective number, remaining ramets per clone Input: breeding values, ramet numbers Linear Deployment at www.genfys.slu.se/staff/dagl

15. Three objects PlaceSpeciesTypeBV from Lagan, Sweden Norway spruce Seed orchard, Cuttings Clonal test Maglehem, Sweden Norway spruce Seed orchard, Grafts Progeny test Coimbatore, India Eucalyptus camaldulensis Clonal test converted to seed orchard The site itself

16. At a suitable thinning intensity The graph is generated by trying different lines

17. Result Lagan, linear deployment thinning BeforeThinned Clones32 Ramets53513644 Gain (% )106.0108.5 Effective number 20.022.0 Substantial improvement for both Gain and Effective number! Truncation 24 3644 109.0 16.8 Marginally higher gain, but many clones lost, effective clone number substantially reduced! Practical thinning resulted in almost full optimality!

18. Genetic thinning Maglehem

19. Thinning at Maglehem BeforeThinned Clones3632 Ramets20061260 Gain-0.030.48 Effective number 34.926.8 Truncation 28 1565 0.36 27.´0 Truncation selection that preserves the effective number results in much lower gain!

20. Thinning at Maglehem BeforeThinned Clones3632 Ramets20061260 Gain-0.030.48 Effective number 34.926.8 Truncation with the same number of ramets results in a little higher gain, but much fewer clones and effective number Truncation 23 1261 0.56 22.1

21. Thinning at Maglehem BeforeThinned Clones3632 Ramets20061260 Gain-0.030.48 Effective number 34.926.8 Linear 32 1260 0.49 26.8 The optimality remains!

22. Eucalyptus clone trial at Coimbatore A clonal test of Eucalyptus camaldulensis established at Coimbatore in south India comprising 87 clones (selected from 7 seedling seed orchards and commercially available clones). There were 15 ramets of each clone arranged in 3 tree plots with 5 replications. The test was to be converted to a clonal seed orchard based on height assessment in the trial at three years.

23. The Eucalyptus clone trial at measurement and the ramets at planting

24. Thinning Coimbatore

25. Linear Deployment Same ramet Truncation selection Clones7243 Eff number57.342.4 Ramets573 Height7.497.56 At the same thinning intensity there are much higher retained number and effective number, but marginal loss in gain,

26. Linear Deployment Same Gain Truncation selection Clones7043 Eff number 50.542.4 Ramets429573 Height7.56 At the same genetic gain there are much higher retained number and effective number, but a more intensive thinning is requiered.

27. Linear Deployment Same N e Truncation selection Clones6243 Eff number42.4 Ramets396573 Height7.657.56 At the same effective number of clones there are a higher retained number and more gain, but a more intensive thinning is required.

28. Conclusions Linear deployment at thinning is theoretically optimal! The loss from optimality because of practical difficulties is marginal and the added flexibility may offer advantages! The added practical difficulty is marginal. The increase in gain and clones retained at the same effective clone number are substantial! It is sometimes possible to make significant increases for both gain and effective clone number with a moderate genetic thinning. These entities have earlier been seen as incompatible!