1. L-19 Part III Era of Great Reforms 5. Revolutionary Movement

2. A. Themes 1.New soslovie: revolutionary caste 2.From ideas to deeds 3.“Populism” 4.Strategies 5.Terrorism 6.Revolutionary situation, 1879-81 7.Counter-revolutionary state

3. C. New Caste: “Intelligentsia” 1.Precursors 2.New soslovie

4. Radicals: Social Origins

5. Radicals: Occupation

6. Radicals of 1870s: Educational Level

7. 1. “Nihilism” of the 1860s 1.Term, meaning 2.Social significance

8. 2. Theoreticians 1.Herzen: Russian agrarian socialism 2.Chernyshevskii: Revolutionary action

9. Radical Theoreticians: Herzen Bakunin

10. New Theoretician: N.G. Chernyshevskii

11. 3. “Practicals”:Profile A.Origins and Status B.Identity: “New People”

12. 4. Movement 1861-65 “Proclamationism” 1865-9 Conspiratorial Revolution Ishutin and the “Organization” Nechaev

13. Student Radicals at SPB University (at Kronshtadt) 1861

14. Sergei Nechaev

15. 5. State Response A.New limits on great reforms B.Repression: generally mild

16. Dmitrii Karakozov 1866 Arrest, Execution

17. Narodnichestvo (populism) of the 1870s A.Etymology B.Politicization

18. 2. Theoreticians: Three Visions A.Lavrov: consciousness B.Bakunin: spontaneity C.Tkachev: consciousness in lieu of spontaneity

19. Petr Lavrov

20. Mikhail BakuninPetr Kropotkin

21. Petr Tkachev

22. 1872: Publication of Marx’s Kapital

23. 3. Praktiki: Profile Age: 87% under 30 Origin: 72% non-noble Education: 45% less than secondary education 21% no formal education 2% illiterate Occupation: 14% workers Gender: 15% female

24. Radicals: Social Origins

25. Radicals of 1870s: Age Structure

26. Radicals of 1870s: Educational Level

27. 4. Movement: Phases A.Preparationism, 1869-73 B.Bakuninism, 1874-5 (“to the people”) C.Land and Freedom, 1876-9 D.People’s Will 1879-81

28. Group Photo: Populists

29. A. V. Dolgushin: Leader in “Going to the People”

30. Ippolit Myshkin

31. Populist: New Attire

32. Sofia Perovskaia

33. Vera Figner

34. Populist Underground Paper: Narodnaia Volia

35. “Arrest of Propagandist”

36. Assassination of Alexander II

37. 1881 Assassination of Alexander II

38. 1886 Sketch: Assassination of Alexander II

39. 5. State Response A.Administrative measures B.Increasingly harsh repression

40. E. Conclusions 1.Ideology: from elitism to peasant idealization 2.No success, but growing cohesion, identity 3.Little popular support 4.Return to elitism in late 1870s