1. Africa Global Health 2015 the year of Global Health World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, University of Pittsburgh Emeritus

2. Health and Global Health, WHO “Health is not only the absence of infirmity and disease but also a state of physical, mental and social well-being.” With various public health challenges, global health is especially important concept to investigate within African continent

3. GloCal Health (Global to Local) Your Patient and Where you live

4. Global health is an important new concept. The Institute of Medicine refers to global health as "health problems, issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions."

5. The Supercourse: THE SUPERCOURSE is a global library of lectures on prevention and public health, shared for free by the best faculty in the world. Thousands of faculty members in the Supercourse database are from Africa www.pitt.edu/~super1

6. The ancient Library of Alexandria in 300 BC captured much of the world ’ s science by collecting over 700,000 papyrus scrolls giving birth to the first university. The ancient Library of Alexandria in 300 BC captured much of the world ’ s science by collecting over 700,000 papyrus scrolls giving birth to the first university.

9. What is WHO? WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence- based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

10. Who are the developers of this lecture? Global Health Network Supercourse Project Global Health Network Supercourse Project Library of Alexandria, Egypt Library of Alexandria, Egypt WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Faculty members from Africa Faculty members from Africa

11. Global Health Global Health Network Supercourse Project, University of Pittsburgh Building a Global Prevention Network to Share Knowledge and Wisdom

12. Mission of this lecture 1. Teach every medical, public health and nursing student in the world about global health 2. Develop a global health network for students to tackle local to global health problems.

13. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care.” “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care.” Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

14. International Health “International health refers to the interlocking and interrelated health status of people throughout the world and to efforts to improve the health of all people of every country.” “International health refers to the interlocking and interrelated health status of people throughout the world and to efforts to improve the health of all people of every country.” Last, Foege

15. Public health, medicine, and nursing: parts of the same puzzle

16. Why should students learn about global health As of today, colleges and universities have very few lectures on global health in their curricula, however the number of global health certificate programs has been increasing in the past few years As of today, colleges and universities have very few lectures on global health in their curricula, however the number of global health certificate programs has been increasing in the past few years Health is becoming a global problem, with chronic diseases being a number one killer around the globe Health is becoming a global problem, with chronic diseases being a number one killer around the globe By learning more about global health research, students will be better equipped to face the challenges of their unique profession By learning more about global health research, students will be better equipped to face the challenges of their unique profession Global Health is important for all students, those in health, engineering, chemistry, etc. Global Health is important for all students, those in health, engineering, chemistry, etc.

17. What should students know about global health Know the differences between global and international health research Know the differences between global and international health research Identify key challenges to global health Identify key challenges to global health Recognize the importance of information sharing in the area of global health Recognize the importance of information sharing in the area of global health Recognize the importance of preventive activities in improving global health Recognize the importance of preventive activities in improving global health Recognize the need for global networking to improve global health locally and globally Recognize the need for global networking to improve global health locally and globally

18. Local health International health Global health

20. Smallpox vaccination: the case of global health effort in disease eradication

21. Most important problems of global health today Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Noncommunicable diseases Noncommunicable diseases Injuries Injuries

22. There are many challenges to global health with different professionals emphasizing different diseases. Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to ease the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to ease the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases

24. Cause of deathDeath in MillionsPercent of Death Coronary heart disease 7.2012.2 Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases 5.719.7 Lower respiratory infections 4.187.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.025.1 Diarrheal diseases2.163.7 HIV/AIDS2.043.5 Tuberculosis1.462.5 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 1.322.3 Road traffic accidents 1.272.2 Prematurity and low birth weight 1.182.0 10 leading causes of death around the world (WHO)

25. 1. HIV/AIDS2 678 000 1. Ischaemic heart disease3 512 000 2. Lower respiratory infections2 643 000 2. Cerebrovascular disease3 346 000 3. Ischaemic heart disease 2 484 000 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1 829 000 4. Diarrhoeal diseases1 793 000 4. Lower respiratory infections1 180 000 5. Cerebrovascular disease1 381 000 5. Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers938 000 6. Childhood diseases1 217 000 6. Road traffic accidents669 000 7. Malaria1 103 000 7. Stomach cancer657 000 8. Tuberculosis1 021 000 8. Hypertensive heart disease635 000 9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 748 000 9. Tuberculosis571 000 Leading Causes of Death in 2001 Source: WHO World Health Report 2002. Countries grouped by WHO Mortality Stratum, with Developing countriesDeveloped countries

26. Problem: Information sharing: Important challenge to global health in the 21 st century. Potential Solution: WWW and Mobile Global Health

27. The importance of knowledge, learning, innovation, and IT “ The most fundamental resource in modern economy is knowledge and, accordingly, the most important process is learning” Lundvall, Bengt-Åke (1992) National Systems of Innovation. Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. Pinter, London and New York, pp. 342

28. Biomedical Research Education in Medicine and Public Health

29. Importance of global health for Africa Bolster research capacity through international and national collaboration Bolster research capacity through international and national collaboration Fostering multi-disciplinary research teams and partnerships to tackle key health problems Fostering multi-disciplinary research teams and partnerships to tackle key health problems Generation of knowledge that leads to action, in particular research outcomes that will guide policy and program development Generation of knowledge that leads to action, in particular research outcomes that will guide policy and program development Mobilization of resources to support interventions for improved health outcomes Mobilization of resources to support interventions for improved health outcomes

30. Forming a network

31. Conclusion Global health is important, as similar conditions plague people in developed and developing countries alike Global health is important, as similar conditions plague people in developed and developing countries alike Life expectancy in the 20 th century was improved due to successes in global health efforts Life expectancy in the 20 th century was improved due to successes in global health efforts All students need to know more about global health research and form networks to share important global health knowledge All students need to know more about global health research and form networks to share important global health knowledge

33. Organizations working in the area of global health World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the World Bank, UNICEF, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, CARE International, the Global Health Council, and many others Pan American Health OrganizationWorld Bank UNICEFUN High Commissioner for RefugeesUN FoundationBill and Melinda Gates FoundationCARE InternationalGlobal Health Council World Health OrganizationPan American Health OrganizationWorld Bank UNICEFUN High Commissioner for RefugeesUN FoundationBill and Melinda Gates FoundationCARE InternationalGlobal Health Council

34. Ali Ardalan Iran Sunita Dodani US/Pakistan Musa Kana Nigeria Ronald LaPorte US Faina Linkov US/Ukraine Mita Lovalekar US/India Eric Marler US Nicholas Padilla Mexico Francois Sauer US Kawkab Shishani Jordan Eugene Shubnikov Russia Ali Soni FainaMita FrancoisEugene Musa

35. Additional Readings Open Source http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec6921/index.htm http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec6921/index.htm Supercourse and Disaster Management Training http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec21601/index.htm http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec21601/index.htm Social Epidemiologic Methods in International Population Health and Health Services Research http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec17561/index.htm http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec17561/index.htm Principles of Research Synthesis http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec9611/index.htm

36. How can I join the global prevention network? Join the Supercourse email distribution list by emailing super1@pitt.edu Present at least 1 slide on prevention to your students

37. How do you join this global effort? Visit www.pitt.edu/super1/www.pitt.edu/super1/ Send this lecture to as many people you know Teach at least 1 slide about global health. Contact us at super1@pitt.edu for other opportunities.super1@pitt.edu