1. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Historical Perspectives The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism

2. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 THE PHENOMENON OF HOSPITALITY

3. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Learning from the past ‘Only once an understanding of hospitality’s origins and its place in human nature is achieved can one expect to discover what hospitality means today, and more importantly what it will mean to those entering the industry in the future’ (O’Connor 2005, p. 267)

4. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Previous approaches Declarative  Random conjecture on what may have happened Judgemental  Spurious notions of what hospitality is or should be Both approaches characterised by:  Rhetoric  Little actual research  Credence from sounding plausible  Being repeated throughout the literature

5. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 HOSPITALITY IS AS OLD AS RECORDED HUMAN HISTORY

6. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Ancient Near East Texts

7. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010  Characteristics of travel for curiosity or pleasure found from about 1500 B.C  Early evidence of typical tourist behaviour Graffiti Gifts Annoying relatives  Limited Facilities for travellers  Dangerous to travel

8. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Laws of Hammurabi

9. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Hostels and inns in Mesopotamia date back to at least 2000 B.C. Oldest industry in the world? The Law of Hammurabi and Commercial Hospitality Diluting drinks Safety of Guests Priestess and Taverns

10. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 FOCUSING ON CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

11. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Key Events in Classical Antiquity

12. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Exploring the history of hospitality The ancient classics resemble the universe. They are always there, and they are very much the same as ever. But as the philosophy of every new age puts a fresh construction on the universe, so in the classics scholarship finds a perennial object for ever fresh and original interpretation. (Cornford, 1903, p. 19)

13. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 THE HOSPITALITY LEXICON

14. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Hospitality Lexicon  Investigation has to depend on original written sources and then their translation into English.  Analysing texts requires understanding the evolution of the language and should provide both a template and also the linguistic background against which the investigation is conducted.  Important to understand how words are now used and translated into contemporary English.

15. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 The Evolution of English

16. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 Guest and Host

17. O’Gorman, The Origins of Hospitality and Tourism, Goodfellow Publishing © 2010 LINKS BETWEEN ORAL TRADITION AND TEXTS I would condemn any host who, receiving guests, acted excessively hospitable or excessively hostile; all things are better in due measure. It is as blameworthy to urge a guest to leave who does not want to as it is to detain a guest who is eager to leave. One must grant hospitality to a guest who is present and grant conveyance to a guest who wants to leave. (Homer, Odyssey 15:69–74)