1. “A Global Conflict”
Chapter 29 - Section 3

2. Introduction
World War I was much more than a European conflict Australia and Japan, for example, entered the war on the Allies’ side, while India supplied troops to fight alongside their British rulers. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks and later Bulgaria allied themselves with Germany and the Central Powers. As the war promised to be a grim, drawn-out affair, all the Great Powers looked for other allies around the globe to tip the balance. They also sought new war fronts on which to achieve victory.

3. War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign
Allies move to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915.
Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central Powers ally.
Also want to open a supply line through region to Russia.
Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.

5. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

6. War Affects the World Battles in Africa and Asia
Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and Africa.
Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in war effort

7. Sikh British Soldiers in India

8. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

9. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

10. War Affects the World America Joins the Fight
Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain.
Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and ship near Britain are sunk without warning.
Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania angers the United States

11. RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage arriving in New York in September Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.

12. The Sinking of the Lusitania

13. War Affects the World
Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917 in hopes to starve Britain quickly.
Renewal of policy angers the United States.
Zimmermann Telegram—effort to enlist Mexico in war against the United States—angers the United States.
The United States declares war against Germany in April 1917 joining the Allies.

14. The Zimmerman Note

15. War Affects the Home Front
Governments Wage Total War
World War I becomes a “total war”—nations devote all resources to war.
Governments take control of the economy to produce war goods.
Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-related goods.
Propaganda—one sided information to build morale and support for the war.

16. Australian Poster

17. American Poster

18. Financing the War

19. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

20. War Affects the Home Front
Women and the War
At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men.
Many women also experience the war by working as nurses.

21. Financing the War

22. For Recruitment

23. Munitions Workers

24. French Women Factory Workers

25. German Women Factory Workers

26. Working in the Fields

27. A Woman Ambulance Driver

28. Red Cross Nurses

29. Women in the Army Auxiliary

30. Russian Women Soldiers

31. Spies “Mata Hari” Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
Double-Agent?

32. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

33. The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws
Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down from throne in 1917.
Communists soon take control of Russia’s government.
Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls out of war.

34. The Allies Win the War The Central Powers Collapse
With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to Western Front
Engage in major fighting; Allies force Germans to retreat.
Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed November 1918.

35. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

36. The Legacy of the War A High Price
War takes heavy toll; 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded
War devastates European economies, drains national treasuries.
Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed.
Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in the arts.

39. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

40. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

41. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

42. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

43. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917