1. The Faroe Current: T-S properties and volume, heat and salt transports Karin Margretha H. Larsen Bogi Hansen, Hjálmar Hátún, Svein Østerhus Extended Ellett Line Workshop, 27-28. Apr 2015

2. North Atlantic Gyres SPG STG EEL Faroes

3. Faroese Standard Sections N V E S The Faroe Current

4. Atlantic Water properties Rockall Trough - From ICES IROC Warming due to Subpolar Gyre changes (Hátún et al, 2005) Modulation by air-sea heatflux variability (Larsen et al, 2012)

5. Atlantic Water properties Increasing salinity due to Subpolar Gyre changes Salinity variability due to changes in source water properties

6. Modifications in the Faroe area T W, S W T N, S N Cooling/ freshening

7. The salinity difference and Faroe Current volume transports Low volume transports increase the residence time: - Increased amospheric influence - Increased admixture Low volume transports increase the residence time: - Increased amospheric influence - Increased admixture SS Vol. tr

8. Atlantic water on monitoring section ADCPs: 1997-2015 Atlantic Arctic

9. Sea level difference across the flow Satellite altimetry Weekly averaged volume transport 1997-2013 based on in-situ observations Hansen et al, 2010. Ocean Science

10. Combining altimetry and in-situ obs. 1. Velocity field using long-term ADCP and CTD records to calibrate altimetry, we can generate daily estimates of the velocity field every day since 1 st January 1993 2. Temperature and salinity field altimetry + seasonal variation + long-term Atlantic water temperature and salinity to generate daily estimates of the property fields

11. Monthly averaged volume transport of Atlantic water 1993 - 2013 Average volume transport of Atlantic water: 3.8 ± 0.5 Sv Hansen et al, 2015. Submitted to OS

12. AW transport 1993 - 2013 Weak seasonal variation Amplitude < 10% of avg transport ± standard error 20 year trend: 9±8% (95% confidence) Annual mean 3-year mean

13. Heat transport relative to 0°C 20 year trend: 18±8%

14. 20 year trend: 130±30% Salt transport relative to 34.93 (≈ FBC-overflow salinity)

15. Conclusions Variation of AW (T,S) is dominated the Subpolar Gyre and modulated by source water variability and atmospheric heat loss variability Faroe Current volume, heat and salt transports towards the Arctic have increased in the last 20 years The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union 7th Framework Programme (FP7 2007- 2013), under grant agreement n.308299 NACLIM www.naclim.euwww.naclim.eu