1. 1 A Vehicle Route Management Solution Enabled by Wireless Vehicular Networks Kevin Collins and Gabriel-Miro Muntean IEEE INFOCOM 2008

2. Outline Abstract Introduction System Architecture Best Route Selection Algorithm Testing Conclusion Advantage and drawback

3. Abstract Traffic Congestion A novel vehicle routing algorithm –Seeking to optimize the usage of the existing road capacity –Reduce vehicle trip times –Decrease fuel consumption and consequent gas emissions Results –Reduces congestion, journey times, fuel consumption

4. Introduction Vehicular traffic is one of the biggest issues faced by cities worldwide Improving efficiency of the existing traffic system includes work on access management, traffic signal timing and coordination, accident prevention, traffic routing and scheduling, etc. Focus on the management of vehicle routes.

5. System Architecture

6. Best Route Selection Algorithm

7. Best Route Selection Algorithm (Cont.) A new decision making process: starts when a vehicle begins a journey by sending its origin and desired destination to the server. 1.Retrieve the k shortest routes from origin to destination. 2.A fitness function is evaluated for each route, resulting in an associated fitness score. 3.The best route is selected based on fitness scores. 4.The user is given an instruction on what to do at the next junction to follow the chosen route.

8. Fitness function Preliminaries Fitness Function

9. Fitness function- Preliminaries ΔF : Value of the fuel consumed Δt : time interval of duration by a vehicle travelling v : instantaneous speed a : instantaneous acceleration The total tractive force R T and vehicle mass M v are constant. α, β1, β2 are also constants associated with individual vehicles.

10. Fitness function- Preliminaries (Cont.) CO 2 emission f CO 2 = CO 2 rate in grams per millilitre of fuel Cost function can be used to compare routes. All the time intervals along the given link from its origin (O) to destination (D)

11. Fitness function The fitness function presented in equation (4) is proposed to choose a vehicle’s route. Journey time, congestion and fuel consumption and gas emissions are minimized.

12. Testing Three different scenarios with three different traffic management solutions. –Case (1): before each vehicle embarks on its journey it selects a shortest route using the A* shortest path algorithm. –Case (2): each vehicle drives to its own destination according to the proposed TraffCon-based route management solution. –Case (3): Results for a hypothetical ”ideal” solution are derived.

13. Results - Average Journey Time

14. Results - Average Fuel Economy

15. Conclusion This paper has proposed a novel Best Route Selection Algorithm Traffic management system. Test results show that the algorithm alleviates the traffic congestion problem by better utilising existing road capacity.

16. Advantage and drawback Advantage –The routing may be modified to apply on wireless routing protocol. Drawback –Communication cost was not considered. –Server loading was not considered.