1. Spectacle Island Working Group I: Protected Area EEOS 324: CZM Kate Aversa, Amber Hewes, Alexandra Emslie, Ryan Norton

2. Objective: To conserve Spectacle Island for the enjoyment of the community, wildlife, and to protect the overall Boston Harbor ecosystem.

3. Why should we conserve? Species protection Greater good of community Intrinsic value of natural beauty To protect harbor ecosystem/coastline Historic and cultural value One of few remaining undeveloped areas Preserve water quality/curb pollution Preserve harbor views

4. Boston Harbor Species 521 species in 99 plant families on 32 islands Widespread native trees in the harbor include gray birch, hackberry, eastern red cedar, big-tooth aspen, quaking aspen, and black oak Native shrubs and vines include bayberry, stag horn sumac, wild red raspberry, and poison ivy 136 species, 67 of which were suspected of breeding including Double-crested Cormorants, Herring Gulls, and Great Black- backed Gulls 73 Common Eider nests making Boston Harbor one of the largest, southernmost nesting areas for this species on the western Atlantic Ocean 7 wading bird colonies including Black-crowned Night-Heron, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Glossy Ibis and Little Blue Heron 49 species of land birds nested on Boston Harbor islands 50 species of migratory birds

5. How can we conserve? Public awareness/advocacy –Focus on the educational and environmental value Community center to highlight historic and Native American cultural significance Seasonal educational (Island Alliance’s “Harbor Connections”) and recreational events –Organize community clean-up and planting projects –Increase public access Ferry system Improve walking/biking paths Designate picnic area/enforce fire restrictions Beach access

6. Environmental advocacy –Land use/erosion control Restrict beach access Increase trees/foliage: 2,400 trees currently in place Boating regulations: designate public/private areas, maintain one main pier –Scientific surveys (terrestrial/marine) for species documentation, environmental indicators –Lobby for industrial reform/stricter regulations and designate other locations for industrial uses –Involve environmental and policy groups such as the Arbor Association, Audubon Society, National Parks Service, EPA, MWRA, etc. –DonationsDonations

7. Development Research –Zoning/Building restrictions Transportation problems Water resource Septic system Power source –Sub-surface surveys: is the land even stable enough to build on?

8. Budget/supplemental funding –Currently in place: government, philanthropy, use fees, commercial operations, and revenue-generating activities. –Operates under the requirement that federal funding for the park be matched by nonfederal funding –Private investors: residents of surrounding communities, concerned citizens –Shipping industry advocates –Native American preservation societies

9. Resources http://www.mass.gov/dep/public/press/hubline.htm http://www.bostonislands.org/manage/manage_admin_fi nance.htmlhttp://www.bostonislands.org/manage/manage_admin_fi nance.html http://www.bostonislands.com/site/site_aboutus.html http://www.bostonislands.org/learn/learn_teach_theme4. htmlhttp://www.bostonislands.org/learn/learn_teach_theme4. html http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get- abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1092- 6194(2005)12%5B49%3AVFAPCO%5D2.0.CO%3B2http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get- abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1092- 6194(2005)12%5B49%3AVFAPCO%5D2.0.CO%3B2

10. Common eider http://www.gdphotography.com/1216.htm

11. Distribution of Common eider (Somateria molissima) www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?id=38