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Chemistry 112 Sections 4-6 Bill Vining 232 PSCI 436-2698

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Presentation on theme: "Chemistry 112 Sections 4-6 Bill Vining 232 PSCI 436-2698"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemistry 112 Sections 4-6 Bill Vining 232 PSCI 436-2698 viningwj@oneonta.edu

2 You should have had: General Chemistry I –Up through drawing Lewis Structures

3 General Chemistry I Basics of Atomic Structure Chemical Reactions and Equations Stoichiometry Solution Chemistry, mainly in water Thermochemistry Electronic Structure of Atoms Properties of Atoms Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding of p-Block Elements

4 General Chemistry II Molecular Structure Bonding Theories –Valence Bond Theory –Molecular Orbital Theory Properties of Gases Control of Chemical Reactions and Stability –Thermodynamics –Kinetics

5 General Chemistry II Special Types of Chemical Systems: –Organic –Equilibrium –Acid-Base –Dissolution –Complexation –Electrochemical

6 Business

7 Class Rules Syllabus Class Rules: –Be here every day –Be on time –Pick up handouts if late –No chatting, except when I say so –You are responsible –Be nice –Trust me

8 Business I Class meetings: –Lecture MWF here –Lab once a week in Physical Sciences Bldg. –Recitation once a week in Physical Sci. Bldg. NO LABS or RECITATIONS this week- they start Monday Class Rules- Syllabus (go over on Friday)

9 Business II Be here every single day Be here on time Don’t sit in back Don’t talk when I’m talking Don’t let me talk when you’re talking It’s ok to get up and wander Classroom Rules

10 Business III 3 Hour Exams OWL Homework Labs Grades

11 Business IV If I fail the lab, Recite After Me: I fail the course.

12 Mastery Learning Schematic Homework Question Correct Answer and Feedback Answer Mastery Credit Newly generated question correct incorrect

13 Mastery Learning Schematic Homework Question Correct Answer and Feedback Answer Mastery Credit Newly generated question correct incorrect Guided Tutorial Concept Simulation

14 Tutorial Help

15

16 Concept Simulations

17 Assignment Scheme I: A course has Assignments Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3

18 Assignment Scheme II: Assignments have Units Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #1

19 Assignment Scheme III: Units have Questions Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #1 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #2 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #1 Question #1 Unit #2 Question #1 Question #2 Question #3 Question #4 Question #5 Unit #1

20 Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:

21 Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent: Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent Electrons Shared More Equally

22 Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent: Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent metals+nonmetals different nonmetals similar nonmetals Electrons Shared More Equally

23 Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?

24 Electrons on one atom attracted to nucleus of other atom Nucleus on each atom repels other nucleus Electron on each atom repels other electron If new attractions > new repulsions, then a bond forms

25 How Covalent Bonds Happen Valence electrons are shared through overlapping orbitals

26 Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence Electrons?

27 Described by Lewis Electron Dot Structures

28 Determining Molecular Geometry All depends on bond angles:

29 Determining Molecular Geometry All depends on bond angles:

30 Determining Molecular Geometry Valence Lewis Electron-Pair Molecular Electrons Structure Geometry Geometry

31 Electron-Pair Geometries Depend on Number of Electron Pairs around Central Atom

32

33 Help Needed Today –Lunch 12-12:50 –Lecture 3:30 – 4:15 Tomorrow –Lunch 12-12:50 –Lecture 3:30 – 4:15

34 Examples NH 3 CH 4 CH 2 O

35 1.Linear 2.Bent 109o 3.Trigonal planar 4.Trigonal pyramidal 5.Tetrahedral 6.Trigonal bipyramidal 7.See-saw 8.Square pyramidal 9.Octahedral

36 Molecular Polarity Are electrons in molecules evenly distributed? If so: nonpolar molecule If not: polar molecule

37 Determining Bond Polarity Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms

38 Determining Bond Polarity Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms H-F is: Li-F is: N-O is: O-O is: P-H is:

39 Determining Molecular Polarity Add up all bond polarities and see if they cancel

40 Polarity Examples

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