1. Surfacing: A Genealogy of Computer Interfaces and, Sometimes, Technical Communication Johndan Johnson-Eilola Purdue University

2. Automation and Work “Pretty speeches about cooperation, communication, and common interests cannot hide the fact that in most companies, people who are doing the actual work do not ‘belong’ or do not feel that they do.” (Floyd, “Let’s Be Honest About Automation.” Computers and Automation, Sept. 1962, XI.9)

3. Surfacing: An Overview Interface: Primary Space for Intellectual Labor in the Next Century Quality of Work Linked to Interface Tech Comm Increasingly Fragmented, Made Invisible

4. Postmodernist Shift: Time to Space Philosophy (Feenberg, Foucault) Literary Theory (Jameson, Baudrillard) Management Theory (Drucker, Zuboff) Usability (Suchman, Wurman)

5. Interface and Work Knowledge

6. Time-Based Interfaces User Interaction Limited User Communication Serial Knowledge Accumulated in Larger Context via Apprenticeship

7. Space-Based Interface: CLI CLI = “Command Line Interface” User Interacts “Directly” (+ Serially) Knowledge Moves into Computer (But is Still Normally Invisible)

8. Command Line Interface

10. Graphical Interface: GUI User Interacts Across Two Dimensions Knowledge Surfaces Knowledge Space Shrinks

11. Graphical Interface: GUI

12. Contracting Spaces and Times Work Space Condenses, Flattens Help Space Condenses, Disappears Interface Structures (and Deconstructs) Work

13. Feenberg’s Primary and Secondary Moments of Instrumentalization

14. Social Interface: ProNoun MOO Surfaces Social Re-Integrates Work into Social Context Focuses on Communication as Ongoing Process

15. Social Interface: ProNoun MOO

16. Communication as the Future of Work Take Control of the Interface

17. Communication as the Future of Work Take Control of the Interface Make Tech Comm the Focus, not Technology

18. Communication as the Future of Work Take Control of the Interface Make Tech Comm the Focus, not Technology Technology = Rhetoric

19. Communication as the Future of Work Take Control of the Interface Make Tech Comm the Focus, not Technology Technology = Rhetoric Improve Our Public and Corporate Image