1. Chapter 30.2-Food and Nutrition

2. Food Energy Measured in calories calorie Dietary Calories
Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Dietary Calories
Also called kilocalories
Equal to 1000 calories
Written with capital C

3. What is Food Used For? Energy Build and repair body tissues
There are at least 45 different components in food that the body needs that it can’t make itself
These components are called nutrients

4. Nutrients Water Found in all cells Necessary for chemical reactions
Helps maintain body temperature
1 liter of water a day is necessary to replace what is lost
Lost through urination, sweating, breathing

5. Nutrients Carbohydrates
Provide about 4 Cal/gram
Simple carbs provide quick energy
Complex carbs take longer to break down, and provide energy over a longer period of time
Complex carbs provide fiber, or cellulose, which helps move waste through the digestive system
Complex carbs with lots of fiber are healthiest to eat

6. Carbs and Stored Energy
Carbs that are not immediately used can be stored as a complex carb
Converted into glycogen
Stored in the liver, muscles, and brain
Carbs that are not used can also be turned into body fat

7. Nutrients Fats Unsaturated fats are the healthiest to eat
Provide about 9 Cal/gram
Help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins
Are a part of cell membranes
Provide insulation and protect organs
Can act as hormones
Store energy long-term
Unsaturated fats are the healthiest to eat

8. Nutrients Proteins Provide 8 essential amino acids
Provide about 4 Cal/gram
Are the raw materials for many body parts, especially muscles
Also control chemical reactions (enzymes!)
Can act as hormones
Provide 8 essential amino acids
Lean meat is the healthiest to eat (93% fat or less)

9. Nutrients Vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins
Organic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts
Needed for chemical reactions
Fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Can be stored in fat tissue
Water-soluble vitamins
B complex, C
Cannot be stored, and are lost through urination

10. Nutrients
Minerals
Inorganic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts
Many of them are elements
Water-soluble, and are lost through sweat, urination, and solid waste

11. What Should You Eat? A balanced diet is based on Percent Daily Values
For a 2000-Calorie diet
Calories can change with age, activity level, and age
2200 Cal for female teens, 2800 Cal for male teens
A balanced, healthy diet contains:
Lean proteins for 8 essential amino acids
Complex carbs for energy and fiber
Unsaturated fats in small amounts