1. 1 The Princeton EDGE Lab Future Plans – Part I Hongseok Kim November 8, 2009

2. 2 GAP Vision of EDGE Lab THEORY (Assumptions) PRACTICE (Reality) EDGE LAB Who is this guy? Theory-inspired Realization Poisson, Rayleigh, time scale, etc

3. 3 BIG Picture Prioritization

4. 4 Software Defined Radio (SDR)  Software-Defined Radio (SDR) refers to the technology wherein software modules running on a generic hardware platform consisting of DSPs and/or general purpose microprocessors are used to implement radio functions such as generation of transmitted signal (modulation) at transmitter and tuning/detection of received radio signal (demodulation) at receiver.  We have considered  USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) 2.0  WARP (Wireless open Access Research Platform)  Sundance

5. 5 WARP  Wireless open Access Research Platform  Rice University GNU Software Defined Radio  Open Source  All the source codes are available in the website.  Good for studying both PHY/MAC FPGA board (Xilinx) Radio board 2x2 MIMO Clock board

6. 6 Feature  FPGA Board Feature  Xilinx Virtex-4 FX100 FPGA (XC4VFX100-11FFG1517C)  10/100/1000 Ethernet (Marvell 88e1111 PHY)  4 WARP daughtercard slots  8 Multi-gigabit transceivers:  2 SATA interfaces (1 target, 1 host)  2 SFP interfaces  4 HSSDC2 interfaces  DDR2 SO-DIMM slot (2GB SO-DIMM included with board)  2 UART interfaces (1 on-board USB-UART, 1 DB9 RS-232)  User I/O (16 LEDs, 5 push buttons, 3 seven segment displays, 16-bit 3.3v I/O)  USB, JTAG & CompactFlash FPGA configuration  Radio Board Feature  Digital I/Q interface to host FPGA board  Dual 65MS/sec 14-bit ADC for Rx I/Q (AD9248)  Dual 125MS/sec 16-bit DAC for Tx I/Q (AD9777)  20MS/sec 10-bit ADC for RSSI (AD9200)  2.4 & 5GHz RF transceiver (MAX2829)  18dBm power amplifier  DPDT RF antenna switch & dual antenna ports  1kb EEPROM (DS2431P)

7. 7 Research groups using WARP  Polytechnic University Polytechnic University  WINLAB at Rutgers University WINLAB at Rutgers University  University of California, Irvine University of California, Irvine  University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego  University of Oulu (Finland) University of Oulu (Finland)  University of Waterloo (Canada) University of Waterloo (Canada)  University of Arizona University of Arizona  Arizona State University Arizona State University  Nile University (Egypt) Nile University (Egypt)  University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign  Drexel University Drexel University  University of California, Santa Cruz University of California, Santa Cruz  University of California, Riverside University of California, Riverside  University of Klagenfurt (Austria) University of Klagenfurt (Austria)  RWTH Aachen University (Germany) RWTH Aachen University (Germany)  University of Ontario (Canada) University of Ontario (Canada)  Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore) Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore)  MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab  Xilinx Xilinx  Nokia-Siemens Networks Nokia-Siemens Networks  Motorola Research Motorola Research  Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute (ASTRI) Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute (ASTRI)  Irvine Sensors Irvine Sensors  DRS Signal Solutions DRS Signal Solutions  Microsoft Research (Asia) Microsoft Research (Asia)  Ericsson Research Ericsson Research  Toyota Information Technology Center Toyota Information Technology Center  Communications Research Center (Canada) Communications Research Center (Canada)  NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center More than 50 groups worldwide have adopted WARP, including:

8. 8  WARPLab  WARP + MATLAB  MATLAB based PHY prototyping  WARP nodes directly from the MATLAB workspace and signals generated in MATLAB can be transmitted in real-time over-the- air using WARP nodes.  Real-time PHY design  Multiplexing MIMO/OFDM  Alamouti MIMO/OFDM  Cooperative OFDM  Low-level FPGA design using Sysgen Physical layer design

9. 9 MAC layer design  WARP MAC framework  Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)  RTS/CTS MAC  Scheduled MAC (in progress)  Good to study WLAN, ad hoc networks  Maybe not enough for cellular systems (LTE, etc)

10. 10 Sundance  SDR development kit using TI DSP, Xilink FPGA, and 3L Diamond RTOS  Higher horse power than WARP  Possible to implement cellular systems in the lab given  LTE protocol stack  Xilink LogiCore  Waterloo and OSU people said Sundance’s support is great.

11. 11 MIMO LTE development platform  Dual 1GHz C6455 DSP processors with high-density DDR2 SDRAM, and Virtex-4 FX60 FPGA (with 2 embedded PowerPC cores),  Virtex-5 SX50T with high-speed 1GB DDR2 SDRAM,  Dual 2.4GHz and 5GHz RF Front-end bands with 12-bit A/D and 12-bit D/A  Standalone development platform with USB2.0 support (optional Ethernet support and other I/Os available for customer implementation).

12. 12 Comparison WARPSundance ProcessorNo DSP Xilinx Virtex-4 Pro FPGA TI C6455 DSP Xilinx Virtex-4 FX60 FPGA OSLinux3L Diamond RTOS RF2.4GHz, 5GHz 18 dBm output power 2.4GHz, 5GHz MATLABSupport Main appWLAN, ad hocUp to cellular systems Customer support Training, workshop, developer community Waterloo, OSU people said good Stand alonePossible Price$8,500 (2x2 MIMO)$10,610 (MIMO-LTE)

13. 13 SDR Example with 8 nodes Star topology AP Mesh Two star topologies P2P

14. 14 Ad hoc MAC scheduling  Interference, link capacity  K-hop interference model  Uniform link capacity  Implementation of backpressure algorithm  DiffQ (NCSU, INFOCOM2009)  Tradeoff (Princeton, Mobihoc2008)  Throughput  Delay  Complexity

15. 15 Green IT Backbon e network Data Center(23%) Wireless Wired DSL PON WLAN/ad hoc cellular Home Network (40%) PC Game console Modem RF PA/circuit power 1 2 3 4 5

16. 16 Data Center  Energy consumption in the data center  23% of total IT industry  61.4 billion kWh  = entire transportation manufacturing industry (airplanes, automobiles, ships, etc)  Idle power is more than 50% of peak power  Server utilization is very low (~20%)  Turn on/off the single server  More plausible to warehouse-scale computer  Thousands of servers

17. 17 Multiple antenna system transmit power+ circuit powerTX power =  Transmission chain of mobile terminals TX: DAC filter RF PA LO channel mixer TX: x Nt Mitigating the adverse impact of circuit power remains crucial to enable the use of MIMO for mobile

18. 18 Intuition of adaptive mode switching An example of 2x2 MIMO vs 1x2 SIMO SIMO is better! High spectral efficiency is preferred when the network is congested Low spectral efficiency is preferred when the network is underutilized.

19. 19 Discussion

20. 20 VINI (Virtual Network Infrastructure)