1. Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cells Type of cell w/ regard to organelles Mode of nutrition Example species

2. Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cellsunicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of cell w/ regard to organelles Mode of nutrition Example species

3. Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cellsunicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of cell w/ regard to organelles prokaryoti c eukaryotic Mode of nutrition Example species

4. Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cellsunicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of cell w/ regard to organelles prokaryotic eukaryotic Mode of nutrition Chemo- autotrophi c autotrophic or heterotr. autotrophic or heterotrohic Photo- autotrophic but rarely hetero. heterotrophic Example species

5. Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cellsunicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of cell w/ regard to organelles prokaryotic eukaryotic Mode of nutrition Chemo- autotrophic autotrophi c or heterotr. autotrophic or heterotrohic Photo- autotrophi c but rarely hetero. heterotrophic Example species methan. halophiles thermo. E. coli Staph. cyanobact. Paramecium slime mold kelp moss apple fern sponge earthworm chimp yeast mushroom Penicillium

6. Classification: Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life

7. Why organize? Since Darwin – Known species increased to 1.8 million Millions more to be discovered Tropics & deep sea

8. Systematics Science of naming & grouping organisms – To understand diversity – To organize by evolutionary relationships Taxonomy – Naming & grouping by criteria such as appearance

9. Naming & Grouping Naming: Genus species – Common names confusing not universal – Ex. Cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion = Felis concolor http://www.exoticcatz.com/photoalbum/albums/userpics/10001/normal_cougar~0.jpg Felis concolor

10. International confusion http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/ In UK, “buzzard” = hawk http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2062/1895127243_b8956555d3.jpg In US, “buzzard” = vulture

11. Binomial nomenclature: (2-part scientific name) Developed by – Linnaeus – Swedish botanist You should know: – In Latin – In italics – 2 parts: Genus – Group of closely related species species – Description of habitat or important trait

12. http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/POLAR%20BEAR.jpg Ursus maritimus Ursus contains 5 other species of bears. maritimus means sea Ursus arctos

13. http://www.raveplants.com/images/wettolerant/acer_rubrum.jpg Can you guess what Acer rubrum looks like? Acer = maple rubrum = red

14. Taxa = ranking level Originally, Linnaeus had 4 levels Now = 7 taxa KingdomKing PhylumPhillip ClassCame OrderOver FamilyFor GenusGood speciesspaghetti

15. Kingdoms then & now Then – 2 kingdoms Plants Animals Now – More kingdoms added as knowledge increases – 6 kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

16. Domains Larger category than kingdoms 3 domains recognized – domain Bacteria: Eubacteria – domain Archaea: Archaebacteria – domain Eukarya: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, “Protista”

17. Modern Evolutionary Classification Darwin’s “tree of life” – Descent with modification Phylogeny = grouping by evolutionary descent – Share more recent common ancestor – Clade = includes all species from common ancestor http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/darwins_first_tree_of_life.jpg

18. Cladogram Shows how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors Branch point (node) – Speciation Root – Common ancestor

19. DNA in classification Shared genes determine evolutionary relationships – Ex. All Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria Mitochondria have their own genes Genes mutate over time Shared genes show how recently organisms shared common ancestor