1. Agroterrorism/Bioterrorism: Potential Occurrences and Emergency Management of Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M University System

2. US Threatened by Potential Occurrences of FEADs Foreign animal diseases Not currently present in US Accidental and intentional risks for entry Travelers Meat products Garbage Bioterrorists

3. Emerging animal diseases A new disease or a new form of an old endemic disease Natural, accidental and intentional risks of emergence Zoonotic diseases Diseases shared by animals and people Various FEADs

4. Types of Occurrences of FEADs Natural Accidental Intentional (Bioterrorist Act)

5. Devastating Impacts of Animal Disease Outbreaks Economic impacts Sociologic impacts Emotional impacts Political impacts

7. Foot and Mouth Disease Not in U.S. A reportable disease Viral disease Domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock Blisters and sores in mouth and on feet TAHC ban Meat garbage feeding to swine

18. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease Not in U.S. A reportable disease Prion disease Cattle People (vCJD) – zoonotic disease Brain disease in cattle – rabies symptoms

19. Not contagious Reduced risks of entry and spread USDA bans Feed bans Slaughter bans Import bans

23. Cervid Spongiform Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) In U.S. A reportable disease Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, S. Dakota, Utah, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, W. Virginia, Montana, Oklahoma, Kansas

24. Prion disease? Deer and elk Brain disease – rabies symptoms Chronic emaciation disease Restricted importation into States Voluntary CWD Monitoring Program Hunter-Killed Testing Program

25. Deer with CWD

26. Elk with CWD

27. Anthrax In U.S. A reportable disease Bacterial disease Domestic and wild livestock People – zoonotic disease Endemic Southwest Texas IH-10 X IH-35 Triangle

29. West Nile Encephalitis In US A reportable disease Viral bird disease – >100 species Blue jays, crows, hawks Encephalitis death

30. Transmission Virus in bird blood Mosquito (>75 species) bite bird Mosquito bite mammal – virus not in blood (dead end) Horse – rabies symptoms People – zoonotic disease

32. Bovine Tuberculosis In US A reportable disease Bacterial disease Cattle Chronic emaciation, respiratory distress Tumor abscesses of lungs and lymph nodes

35. Bovine Paratuberculosis Johne’s Disease In US Not a reportable disease Bacterial disease Cattle Chronic emaciation Maldigestive enteritis – diarrhea

43. Avian Influenza Avian Flu Bird Flu Viral disease Migratory waterfowl Domestic poultry Virus in intestines Virus shed in feces A reportable disease

44. Two classifications – disease symptoms Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) Little risk to poultry industry In US Endemic disease Most common class High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Serious damage to poultry industry Not in US Epidemic disease Zoonotic disease (rare)

49. First Line of Defense in Emergency Management of FEADs Education of first defenders is key Animal owners County Extension agents Private veterinarians

50. Emergency Management of FEADs Biosecurity is key Early detection is key Unusual signs Rapid reporting is key Rapid response is key Prompt quarantine is key

51. Quick diagnosis is key Disease surveillance is key Regulatory agencies and animal industries working together is key

52. Biosecurity Measures Wash hands Wash disinfect boots Wash disinfect trailer Wash disinfect tires Wash disinfect borrowed equipment Proper garbage disposal

53. Lock gates Stranger alert International visitor – >48 hours wait Purchased livestock – >2 weeks isolation, tests Routine observations

54. State Emergency Management Texas State Emergency Management Plan Annex O Agriculture Production and Companion Animals Appendix 3 Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases (FEAD) Response Plan State jurisdiction Texas Animal Health Commission

55. Five state FEAD committees assess mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery issues Impact assessment committee Security and containment committee Environmental committee Public information committee Community impact committee

56. Identified incident command system Incident command post(s) Incident commanders – TAHC and DPS

57. First Assessment and Sampling Team (FAST) Joint Information Center (JIC) Texas Emergency Response Team (TERT) To support field deployed ICP(s)

58. Quarantine animals Several mile radius containment zone Months to years Depopulate animals Surveillance of animals Control or eradicate options

59. Local Emergency Management Texas Local Emergency Management Plan Annex N Direction and Control Appendix 4 Animal Issues Plan Local jurisdiction County Judge or City Mayor Local Emergency Coordinator (EMC)

60. Animal disease disasters TAHC is lead agency (top down authority) TAHC activates Texas FEAD Response Plan TAHC activates Local EM Plan

61. Available Resources http://extensionvetmed.tamu.edu http://tcebookstore.tamu.org http://fazd.tamu.edu http://www.tahc.state.tx.us http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/zoonosis http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/factsheets.ht ml http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/factsheets.ht ml http://www.cdc.gov