1. Chapter 5 Review PP
Sections 1, 2, and 3

2. Bell Work

3. 5-1 Review Characteristics of Populations
What is a population’s geographic distribution?
It describes the area inhabited by a population
What three factors can affect population size?
# of births
# of deaths
# of individuals that enter or leave the population

4. 5-1 Review Characteristics of Populations
What is population density? The number of individuals per unit area

5. 5-1 Review Changes in Population
Immigration / Emigration Which one is the movement INTO an area? Which one is the movement out of the area? EXITING the area = Emigration Into = Immigration

6. 5-1 Review Population Growth
Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, how will a population grow?
Exponentially
When resources become less available, how does population growth change?
It slows or stops
= Logistic Growth

7. 5-1 Review
What is the carrying capacity of the environment for a particular species?
The largest number of individuals that the given environment can support.
So, what might cause the carrying capacity for the human population to increase?

8. Section 5-2 Limiting Factors
What is a limiting factor? It is a factor that causes population growth to decrease A limiting nutrient is an example of a limiting factor

9. Section 5-2
What is a density-dependent limiting factor? It is a limiting factor that depends on population size When do they become limiting? They become limiting only when the population density reaches a certain level. They operate most strongly when… a population is large and dense

10. 5-2 Density-Dependent Factors
Four Density Dependent Limiting Factors 1. Competition – crowded populations compete for resources like food, water, & space

11. 5-2 Density-Dependent Factors
Four Density Dependent Limiting Factors 2. Predation – predator-prey relationship

12. 5-2 Density-Dependent Factors
Four Density Dependent Limiting Factors
3. Parasitism
One organism lives inside or on
another organism – called the …
host
4. Disease

13. 5-2 Density- Independent Factors
Density- Independent Limiting Factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size What are examples of density-independent limiting factors?

14. 5-2 Density- Independent Limiting Factors
Examples include:
Unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and human activities
Drought, Hurricanes, Severe winter frost

15. 5-2 Density-Independent Limiting Factors
What is the characteristic response in the population size of many species to a density- independent limiting factor? The population size crashes

16. Yesterday’s Bell Work Biotic vs. Abiotic?

17. 5-3 Human Population Growth
How does the size of the human population change with time? It tends to increase

18. 5-3 Improved sanitation and health care reduced the death rate
Why did the population grow slowly for most of human existence?
Life was harsh and limiting factors kept population sizes low.
What are some reasons why the human population began to grow more rapidly about 500 years ago?
Improved sanitation and health care reduced the death rate
Industry made life easier and safer
A more reliable food supply

19. 5-3 Patterns of Population Growth
Why can’t the human population continue growing exponentially forever? Earth has limited resources

20. 5-3 Patterns of Population Growth
What is demography? It is the scientific study of human populations What factors help predict why the populations of some countries grow faster than others? Factors include the population’s birthrates, death rates, and age structure

21. 5-3 Patterns of Population Growth
The hypothesis that explains why population growth has slowed dramatically in the United States, Japan, and much of Europe is called the…
Demographic Transition
Stage 1: Birthrate and death rate are high
Stage 2: Death rate drops & the birth date remains high
Stage 3: The birthrate also decreases
What do the decrease of the birthrate and the death rate do to the overall population size?

22. 5-3 Demographic Transition

23. 5-3 Human Population Growth
What factors lower the death rate? Advances in nutrition, sanitation, and medicine True or False: Population growth depends, in part, on how many different ages make up a given population. TRUE

24. 5-3 Demographic Transition Flowchart
Changes brought about by modernization lower the __________ rate. DEATH Births greatly exceed deaths, resulting in rapid population ___________. INCREASES As modernization continues, the birthrate ____ and the population growth __________. FALLS & DECREASES The birthrate falls to meet the death rate, and the population growth __________. STOPS

25. 5-3 Human Population Growth
The worldwide human population is still growing exponentially.
Most people live in countries that have not yet completed the demographic transition.
The demographic transition has happened in the United States.

26. 5-3 Age Structure Diagrams
Recall, from 5-1 that age-structure diagrams are one of four main characteristics of a population along with….
geographic distribution, density, & growth rate
What do the age structure diagrams graph?
They graph the numbers of individuals in different age groups in the population.

27. 5-3 Age Structures page 131 Figure 5-13
What do the age structures of the United States and of Rwanda predict about the population growth of each country?

28. United States Age Structure
The age structure in
the United States predicts
a slow but steady growth
rate for the near future.
There nearly are equal
numbers of people in
each age group.

29. Rwanda Age Structure The age structure of Rwanda predicts a population
that will double in ~ 30 years.
There are more young
children than teenagers, and
many more teenagers than
adults.

30. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
Pattern of Growth ____________________ Exponential

31. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
# 2 Logistic Growth # 3 Carrying Capacity

32. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
4. _______ is the number of individuals per unit area. True: Population Density 5. Emigration causes population size to _____. False: Decrease 6. The movement of individuals out of an area is called _________. False: Emigration

33. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
7. A(An) ____________ is any factor that causes population growth to decrease. False: Limiting Factor 8. Density- ______ limiting factors include competition and parasitism. False: Dependent

34. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
9. A predator-prey relationship is a(an) ___-___ Limiting factor. True: Density-Dependent 10. The scientific study of human populations is called ________. True: Demography

35. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
11. How do birthrates and death rates change when a population goes through the demographic transition?
First, the death rate falls, causing the population growth rate to increase.
Then, the birthrate falls, causing the population growth rate to decrease.

36. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
12. What do demographers try to predict using age-structure diagrams? Using age-structure diagrams, demographers try to predict future population growth. 13. What does the term geographic distribution mean? Geographic distribution means the area inhabited by the population.

37. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Review
14. When does exponential growth occur? Exponential growth occurs when a population has unlimited resources, limited predators and disease, and a constant rate of reproduction. 15. Which countries have completed the demographic transition? The United States, Japan, & much of Europe

38. Chapter 5 Quiz Tomorrow

39. Chapter 5 Exit Ticket Closed Book & Notes
Explain how the Wolf and the Moose populations on the Isle Royale were affected by density-dependent limiting factors & density-independent limiting factors.