1. Extended Parallel Process Model

2. EPPM  Kim Witte  Focuses on how to channel fear in a positive, protective direction instead of a negative, maladaptive direction  Based on fear appeal, but also incorporates elements of TRA/TPB, and self-efficacy

3. Elements  Campaign messages should contain: –Threat component  Increase perceived susceptibility  Increase perceived severity –Efficacy component  Perceived self-efficacy  Response efficacy

4. Message Components: Threat: -susceptibility -severity Efficacy: -self-efficacy -response efficacy Threat appraisal Fear Efficacy Appraisal Message Acceptance Message Rejection Fear Control Danger Control 1 st Appraisal 2 nd Appraisal External Stimulus High efficacy Low efficacy

5. Danger Control vs. Fear Control  How do people control fear?  How do people control risk or danger?  How does knowing this help us make sense of people’s behaviors?