1. UGBA 105 Sections 102,104,106 Congruence model reviewed

2. All problems involve one or more disconnects, or incongruencies, between 4 major components of organizations: In turn, solutions involve the analytic - and creative - achievement of congruence. Input Environment (Competition, change) Resources (munificence) History (age, conditions at founding) Output Systems Unit Individual Informal Org (culture, politics leadership, networks) Tasks (technologies, work flows) People (ability, skills, motivation, biases) Formal Org (job titles, depts, reporting hierarchy, IT & HR systems) The Congruence Model Strategy (diversification innovation)

3. Principal OB Levers Managers can solve problems by changing the organization in the following ways: Managers can solve problems by changing the organization in the following ways: –Tasks or work –Formal organization –Informal organization –People

4. But not in isolation Must pay attention to core tasks, goals, strategy and environment Must pay attention to core tasks, goals, strategy and environment Thus, the congruence or “fit” hypothesis: Thus, the congruence or “fit” hypothesis: The degree to which the strategy, work, people, structure, and culture are smoothly aligned will determine the organization’s ability to compete and succeed. The degree to which the strategy, work, people, structure, and culture are smoothly aligned will determine the organization’s ability to compete and succeed.

5. Getting Past Symptoms: Discerning Root Causes What are the fundamental causes of the performance gap? Gap Why? We’re not getting new product out Lack of coordination devices Inter-unit conflict Conflicting reward schemes

6. Solutions Definition: a solution to a problem (a performance gap) is a change to the organization that removes one or more causes of the problem without creating new and larger/more serious problems. Definition: a solution to a problem (a performance gap) is a change to the organization that removes one or more causes of the problem without creating new and larger/more serious problems.