2. Living Landscape Program Conceptual Models Strategic planning at a project scale

3. Seeing your project clearly Conservation Target Interventions Threats

4. Simple version of reality Car moves forward Turn key in ignition Press foot on pedal Put car in gear Fuel flows to engine Starter motorEngine starts Release clutch

5. Conceptual Model Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct)

6. Divide to keep simple Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Goal Conservation Target Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect) Intervention Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct)

7. Goal Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the Mamiraua landscape over the long-term Goal Preserve ecosystem function and viable populations of all wildlife in the Apolobamba region Goal Conserve biodiversity in Belize’s mangrove forests

8. Conservation Targets Conservation Target Viable populations of black howlers are conserved across the Peten Conservation Target The density of jaguar recovers to levels comparable to Cockscomb, Belize Conservation Target Forest habitat within the park remains unfragmented

9. Direct Threat Threat (Direct) Unsustainable hunting Threat (Direct) Housing development Threat (Direct) Unsustainable logging Threat (Direct) Expansion of water lily Threat (Direct) Oil spill Habitat Loss Species depletion Pollution Invasion of exotic species

10. Indirect Threat Threat (Indirect) No zoning regulations Threat (Indirect) Inadequate law enforcement Threat (Indirect) Policy promotes road building Threat (Indirect) Conservation impacts unknown Threat (Indirect) Management needs of wildlife unknown Management Capacity User awareness and interest Policies, laws, regulations

11. Interventions Intervention Policy reform Intervention Law enforcement Intervention Staff training Intervention Fence repair Intervention Land mapping & zoning Intervention Applied research

12. Process Threat (Indirect) Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct) Conservation Target

13. Process Threat (Indirect) Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct) Conservation Target

14. Process Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct)

15. Reverse Process Threat (Indirect) Intervention Goal Conservation Target Threat (Direct) Intervention

16. Conceptual Model Goal Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the Pastaza region of Ecuador over the long-term Conservation Target Maintain present density of collared peccaries in Sarayaku territory Threat (Indirect) Hunting zones not enforced Threat (Direct) Overhunting by Jivaro colonists Threat (Indirect) Colonists unaware of overhunting, believe shaman are hiding the game Intervention Research link between crop protection and hunting control Intervention Involve community in wildlife population monitoring & research Intervention Outreach to colonists to raise awareness Threat (Indirect) Community guards not assigned to hunting zone enforcement Threat (Indirect) Community labor focused on crop protection from agoutis Threat (Direct) Pesticide and dynamite fishing Intervention Study options to reduce rodent damage to crops Conservation Target Maintain present abundance of armoured catfish in the Bobonaza river within Sarayaku territory Threat (Indirect) Decline in wild ‘barbasco’ abundance Intervention Plant family gardens of ‘barbasco’ fish poison Intervention Community council discussion of pesticide and dynamite fishing

17. Threat (Direct) Unsustainable hunting Intervention Est. NP Mgmt committee Goal Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the Putumayo landscape over the long term Conservation Target White-lipped peccary populations remain at present densities and distribution Conservation Target Native landcover will not decrease from present levels within the National Park Threat (Direct) Unsustainable fishing Threat (Direct) Dieoffs from oil pollution Conservation Target Giant otter populations expand into 50% of all class 2 rivers by 2020 Threat (Direct) Farming and Ranching Threat (Direct) Logging Threat (Indirect) Oil industry unregulated Threat (Indirect) Anarchic colonization Threat (Indirect) Unplanned roads Threat (Indirect) Insecure land tenure Threat (Indirect) Park borders not marked Threat (Indirect) Park borders not enforced Threat (Indirect) Weak mgmt capacity Threat (Indirect) Unclear jurisdiction Threat (Indirect) Lack of planning capacity Threat (Indirect) Lack of planning info Intervention NP Mgmt plan Intervention Baseline research on wildlife Intervention Monitor human use Intervention Socio-economic research Intervention ID contradictions in law Intervention Land titling Intervention Gov. capacity Intervention ONHAE capacity Intervention FCUNAE capacity

18. Working group instructions Working group (6-8 people) –Mix of project and non-project staff –One facilitator with experience creating conceptual models Help project team to model their project Model is simpler version of reality not recreation of reality –Focus only on key components not all components Be prepare to come back to the group and describe the key components of your model and to discuss whether the process was useful Remember this exercise is very brief and is only to brainstorm a first draft of a project conceptual model that will need to be reviewed, revised and refined over time

19. Working group instructions Steps 2:00 hrs conceptual model building –Goal – 5-10 minutes –Conservation targets – 10-20 minutes –Direct and Indirect threats – 20-40 minutes –Causal chains & networks – 30 minutes –Interventions – 20 minutes Attach cards to flip-chart paper Take a Digital Photo!