1. Welding Joint Design and Welding Symbols
Chapter 5
Welding Joint Design and
Welding Symbols

2. Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Sketch the five basic welding joints
Explain the factors that must be considered when choosing a weld joint design
Discuss the factors to consider when selecting a weld joint design
List and explain the information that can be included on a welding symbol
Sketch a welding symbol and identify the components
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

3. Weld Joint Design
Refers to the way pieces of metal are put together or aligned with each other
The five (5) basic weld joint designs are:
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

4. Butt Joint Lap Joint Corner Joint Tee Joint Edge Joint
Name five basic weld joints that may be found in a weldment.
Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Corner Joint
Tee Joint
Edge Joint
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

5. FIGURE 5-1 Types of joints.
© Cengage Learning 2012
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

6. FIGURE 5-2 Two ways of fitting up an outside corner joint.
Open Corner
Closed Corner
FIGURE 5-2 Two ways of fitting up an outside corner joint.
© Cengage Learning 2012
FIGURE 5-3 Edge joints.
© Cengage Learning 2012
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

7. Name three types of joints that use fillet welds?
NOTE: "fillet weld" = a triangular shaped weld in a corner
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

8. Accessibility for welding Strength requirements
Side Note: some considerations in selecting a type of joint to use on a fabrication.
Accessibility for welding
Strength requirements
Cyclic or static loading
Material thickness
Welding process to be used
Material type
Code Requirements
Cost
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

9. Name two edge preparations used with butt joints.
Bevel Groove
Vee Groove
J Groove
Square Groove
U Groove
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

10. Edge preparations used with butt joints.
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

11. More Important Groove Preparations:
Bevel Groove – single and double
Vee Groove – single and double
3D Welded Joints.pdf
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

12. Name two types of V edge preparations that are recommended for braze welding butt joints.
Single V Groove
Double V Groove 1 2 4
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

13. Weld Joint Design (cont’d.)
Cost
A number of items affect weld cost
FIGURE 5-14 Even a slight change in groove angle can save time and money.
© Cengage Learning 2012
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

14. Weld Quality Weld Size Weld Faults
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

15. How is the size of a fillet determined and what is used to measure it?
NOTE:
While Leg Size is the usual method to specify and measure weld size, the Effective Throat is a more accurate measure of fillet weld strength!
Effective
Throat
Actual Throat
Leg Size2
Leg Size1
Theoretical
Convexity
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

16. How To Use A Fillet Gauge
After selecting specified size gauge from set, measure Leg1
Measure Leg2
Verify throat with other side of gauge (face of gauge should touch weld)
3/8 L1 L2
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

17. Weld Quality (cont’d.) Undercut – most predominant weld fault
Fix: Short arc length, proper amperage and speed
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

18. Describe four typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds.
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

19. Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:
Porosity:
Lack of shielding gas
Wet electrode
Greasy material
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

20. Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:
Slag Inclusion: Improper cleaning / removal of slag
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

21. Weld Quality - Review Undercut Porosity Poor Fitup Lack of Penetration
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

22. Weld Position (Plate) F = Fillet G = Groove 1 = Flat 2 = Horizontal
3 = Vertical
4 = Overhead
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

23. Weld Position (Pipe) G = Groove 1 = Horizontal Rolled 2 = Vertical
5 = Horizontal Fixed
6 = 45 Incline
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

24. Welding Symbols
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

25. Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

26. Welding Symbols (cont’d.)
3 parts of the welding symbol body:
Reference Line
Tail
Arrow
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

27. Weld Location Welding symbols Applied to reference line at the base
Reference lines have an arrow side (near side) and other side (far side)
FIGURE 5-17 Designating weld location.
American Welding Society

28. What if the symbol were on this side?
Sketch the weld required by this symbol.
What if the symbol were on this side?
No size specified
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

29. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.
As you see in this example, the weld symbol usually looks like the weld cross section shape!
Symbol must be above the reference line indicating make weld on "Other Side" of joint from where arrow is pointing.
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

30. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.
1/4
(1/4 x 3/8)
Nothing in the symbol specifies unequal leg size location.
If there are not obvious reasons to put larger leg on one side of joint (e.g. thicker metal), then it must be specified on drawing.
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

31. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.
1/4
3/8
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

32. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.
3/16
3/16
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

33. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.
1/2
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

34. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.3/ 1/
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

35. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.
1/2 x 1/ – 3 ½
1/2 x 1/ – 3 ½
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

36. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions and notes.
1/8
"TIG"
Flat
Welding
NOTE: The “Weld All Around” symbol is not required for pipe weld connections but may be included for clarity
In other cases, it is needed to specify that requirement
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

37. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions and notes.
1/8
"TIG"
Flat
Welding
NOTE: The “Flag” symbol.
Indicates field weld or on-site welding
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

38. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.
NOTE: The broken arrow line should be used to point at the side to be prepared.
NOTE: The vertical line must always be on the left side.
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

39. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.
3/8
40°
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

40. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions and notes.
Flux Cored
Arc Welding
Convex
Grinding
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

41. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.
NOTE: Efforts should be made to avoid Hi/Lows for a smooth surface
3/16
SURFACING FUNCTIONS:
Buildup
Stainless Overlay
Abrasion Resistant Overlay
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

42. Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown including dimension specifications.1/
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5

43. Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.
3/8 1
3/8
45°
1/8 2 3
1/2
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols – Chapter #5