1. Org Change and Org Development Ch 16 Apr. 28 & 30, 2009

2. Org Change and OD Org Change – in structure, technology or people –1 st order vs. 2 nd order Org Development – methods used to implement org change

3. Org Change Impediments to change - Identify ways to overcome these impediments: –How? Does the nature of the situation seem to call for different ways of overcoming the impediments?

4. Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Model UnfreezeDesired State Refreeze How do we best unfreeze attitudes? How do we best refreeze the new state? developed 50 yrs ago, still prevalent today

5. Driving & Restraining Forces To increase driving forces: –1. –2. To reduce restraining forces: –1. –2. –3.

6. Employee Resistance to Change Main reasons for creating resistance: –1) Consequences of change - –Direct costs –Incongruent org systems –2) Process of change - –Saving face –Fear of unknown

7. Refreezing Structure Reward systems – –How? Lewin’s model effectively describes change process, but overlooks what?

8. Evaluating Change Using Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model – what does each level assess? –Reactions – –Learning – –Behavior – –Outcomes – –Reactions measure restraining forces, learning reflects change itself, behavior measures refreezing success.

9. OD Interventions OD implements org change w/emphasis on org effectiveness –Tries to improve org capability to solve problems & cope with change 1) Total Quality Management (TQM): –3 main concepts: 1. 2. 3.

10. TQM details Importance of statistics Continuous improvement Criticisms – Harley Davidson example…

11. OD Interventions (cont.) 2) Management by Objectives (MBO) – develop specific org goals –Main ideas of MBO: 3) Survey feedback -

12. Cultural values & Org Development US-centric values –How? –Importance of leaders- –Resistance to change -

13. Porras & Robertson meta-analysis Healthy % report pos changes, but more report no change Few reports of negative effects, but why?

14. OD Assessment Does it work? –What works best? –Evaluation? Criticisms – –1. –2. –3. Ethical concerns?