1. Stem Cell Concept Pg. 721

2. Signal Transduction Pathways and Cell Differentiation Specialized cell type (neuron, skin cell, red blood cell, etc.) Stem Cell

3. Blood Cell Formation

4. Erythropoietin (Epo)

5. (Epo)

6. Red Blood Cell Development

7. EPO Synthesis of proteins that stimulate Red Blood Cell development and prevent apoptosis

8. Negative Regulation of JAK/STAT Pathway

9. Mutant EPO Receptor P P Signal to Activate

10. Seven-Pass Receptors Adrenaline Glucogon TSH, LH Cell Types Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Thyroid Ovary Kidney Intestinal epithelia Contraction Glycogen breakdown Hormone secretion Water retention Ion transport Pg. 546

11. Activation of G alpha Subunit

12. Synthesis of cyclic AMP ATP cyclic AMP Adenylyl Cyclase Pg. 550 Protein Kinase A (PKA) CFTR Other Proteins

13. Targets Transcription Factors Enzymes

14. Actin Microtubules Intermediate filaments Cytoskeletal Structures Chapter 17

15. Microtubules Vesicle Transport Chromosome segregation (mitotic spindle) Cilia/Flagella

16. Tubulin Dimer GTP

18. GFP-Tagged Centrosomes

19. Centrosome Structure

22. TaxolColchicine Pacific Yew Autumn crocus Microtubule “Poisons”

24. Tau Protein Stabilizes Microtubules in Neurons

25. Tau Protein

26. Tau “tangles” Regulation of Microtubule Stability by Tau

27. Alzheimer’s Brain

29. Tau Protein

30. Microtubule “Motor” Proteins

33. GFP-Tagged Centrosomes

34. Centrosome Duplication Cycle

35. Ciliated Cells

37. Actin Filaments

38. Actin Monomer

40. Arp2/3 (Actin Related Proteins) Arp2 Arp3

41. Gelsolin Protein New minus end New plus end

42. Acton Poisons

44. Myosin-II

45. Muscle Cell

46. Sarcomere

47. Contraction of a Sarcomere

48. Resting Muscle Rigor position

49. Contraction of a Sarcomere

50. Tropomyosin blocks access to actin filament

51. Ca 2+ Binds Troponin C

53. Muscle Cell

55. Muscle Relaxants Pancuronium Baclofen Ligand for Seven-pass receptorInhibits Ligand-gated ion channels

56. Muscle Cell

57. Pancuronium Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized

58. Baclofin Muscle Cell Membrane Muscle Cell Membrane Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized

60. Muscular Dystrophy Dystrophin gene (2.4 million bp, 78 exons) X-linked Recessive Progressive muscle weakness/loss of skeletal muscle

61. Pg. 574

62. Pg. 576

63. Pg. 577

64. Pg. 575 Keratin Filaments

65. Desmosome Pg. 715

66. Pg. 577

67. Epidermolysis Bullosa (Keratin mutations) Pg. 577

68. Epidermolysis Bullosa (Keratin mutations)

69. Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication

70. G1SG2 G1 M-Phase

72. (G1 Phase) (G2 Phase) Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

74. Binding site for Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) (ORC)

77. Completing Synthesis of the Lagging Strand (5’ to 3” exonuclease) * *

78. Thymine Tautomers Pairs with Adenine Pairs with Guanine (common form) (rare form)

79. DNA Polymerase “proof reading”

80. End Replication Problem Final RNA primers removed Second round of DNA replication First round of DNA replication * * * * A

81. Telomere Synthesis

82. Telomerase RNA 156 nucleotides

83. Telomere Synthesis

84. Normal Cell Telomeres Short Telomeres Apoptosis Chromosome Instabilty/DNA Damage

87. Telomerase Inhibitor Apoptosis Telomostatin ~ 90 of all cancers have Re-activated telomerase

88. Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication

89. G1SG2 G1 M-Phase

90. Cohesion of Sister Chromatids Cohesin “ring”

91. Nuclear Lamina

92. Fig. 19-18 (replacement)

93. Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes

94. Condensation of Chromatids

95. Microtubules

96. Centrosome Duplication Cycle

97. Mitotic Spindle

98. Pg. 641 MetaphaseAnaphase

99. Pg. 257 Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation Proteasome Amino acids + Ub Protein Ub-Ub-Ub Protein + Ub APC (Ubiquitin Ligase)

100. Start of Anaphase P

101. Anaphase “A” and “B”

102. Cytokinesis

103. Myosin II - GFP InterphaseTelophase Cytokinesis G1

104. “Contractile Unit” in Cytokinesis Fig. 17-41 Plasma Membrane Cytosol Septin “ring”