1. Nutrient Management Workbook 2009 Jon Rausch, Amanda Meddles & Robert Mullen Ohio State University Extension

2. MSR Agenda Today 9:00 Introduction & Welcome Workbook overview 10:30Break  (pick-up pencil + calculator) Work nutrient management example Complete field plan for your farm NoonLunch

3. Objective Development a nutrient management plan for each field of the farming operation.  Focus on those utilizing animal manure. Take Home:  General understanding of this Nutrient Management Workbook  Steps toward and approved Nutrient Management Plan

4. Outline Identify available soil resources. Identify manure nutrients available. Identify the nutrient needs of growing crop. Identify sources of nutrients available for that crop. Allocate and balance available nutrients by field. Estimate nutrient carry-over, if any, and the value of that carry- over. Identify spreadable acres available for manure application. Estimate number of acres needed to recycle manure nutrients generated by your operation. Identify steps toward an approved plan.

5. Heritage Lane Dairy 2009

7. Example Farm Page 1 Throughout the book an example is provided based on a farm that is currently milking 100 dairy cows and has 200 acres. This farm has a rotation of corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa and fertilizes his fields with manure from the dairy operation. This is supplemented with commercial fertilizer when necessary. The field used throughout this book as an example is Brown 1 or B1. It is 30 acres and will be planted in corn. The previous crop was soybeans. Examples based on this scenario can be found in different sections throughout the book in gray boxes like this one.

8. Soils/Field Data OSU Fact Sheet: Soil Sampling, Handling & Testing Field Plan EXAMPLE A Field Information ac Meq/100g Brown 160 bu/ac 30 2030 250 ppm Corn B1 Silt Loam Soybeans lb/ac lb/ac ppm

9. Soil Test-Preferred

10. Yield response likely Yield response NOT likely Increasing 

11. Soil Test Critical Values K at CEC P5102030 Crop ppm (lb/acre) ppm (lb/acre) Corn 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Soybean 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Wheat 25 (50) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300)

12. No Soil Test Page 2 Assumes maintenance level Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrient ppmlb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops125250

13. Winter application see page 17 Example Farm

14. Manure Test-Preferred 1414

15. Manure Nutrients Page 3 Example This dairy example uses book values, due to a lack of manure test results, from Table 1 of 6 lb/1,000 gal of NH 3 -N, 25 lb/1,000 gal of Organic N (ON), 15 lb/1,000 gal of P 2 O 5 and 19 lb/1,000 gal of K 2 O which will be applied in September and incorporated within 1 day. PAN: (25 x.33) + (6 x.25) = 9.75 lb/1,000 gal P 2 O 5 : 15 lb/1,000 gal K 2 O: 19 lb/1,000 gal PAN is Plant Available Nitrogen. This is the amount of Nitrogen available to the crop based on time of application and method of application.

16. Page 3-4

17. Time of Year page 5

18. Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page 3 13.46 7.5725%33%5.88 60% diff. Test 1

19. Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17 Example Farm

20. Example Nutrient Worksheet E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8

21. Example Farm Page 5 Example A dairy farmer expects 160 bu/ac of grain corn in field B1. The previous crop was soybeans. Nutrient recommendations without soil test values are: PAN: 160 lb/ac P2O5: 60 lb/ac K2O: 65 lb/ac

22. Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

23. Page 6-8 Yield Potential– bu/ac Soil Test100120140160180 ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) 1 8595100110115 10 (20)6070758590 15-30 (30-60) 2 3545506065 35 (70)20 253035 40 (80)00000 P 2 O 5 Recommendation

24. Page 8-10 Table 12: Corn K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– bu/acre Soil test K100120140160180 ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) 1 195200210215220 75 (150)145150160165170 100(200)95100110115120 125-155 (250-310) 2 4550606570 165 (330)25 3035 175 (350)00000 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range.

25. √ √ Example Nutrient Worksheet E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8

26. Example - Liquid Fertilizer (used in this example) 5 gal/ac of 10-34-0 are applied at planting. The fertilizer contains 10% PAN, 34% P 2 O 5, and 0% K 2 O. The application rate is 5 gal/ac x 11.7 lb/gal = 58.5 lb/ac. PAN: 58.5 lb/ac x 10% = 6 P 2 O 5 : 58.5 lb/ac x 34% = 20 K 2 O: 58.5 lb/ac x 0% = 0 Example - Dry Fertilizer Diammonium phosphate has a blend of (18-46-0) applied at 150 lb/ac. The fertilizer contains 18% PAN, 46% P 2 O 5 and 0% K 2 O. PAN:150 lb/ac x 18% = 27 lb/ac P 2 O 5 :150 lb/ac x 46% = 69 lb/ac or 14 lbs/ac K 2 O: 150 lb/ac x 0% = 0 lb/ac

27. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ Nutrient Worksheet

28. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ Nutrient Worksheet

29. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

30. Page 12 See also: NRCS-633, Table 4, page 13 Example The dairy farmer decides to base his application rate on the nitrogen need of the corn crop. Field B1 needs 154 lb/ac of PAN (from E: Additional Nutrients Needed) and the manure has a value of 9.75 lb/1000 gal or 0.00975 lb/gal. PAN Application Rate = 154 lb/ac / 0.00975 lb/gal = 15,794 gal/ac If he chose to use P 2 O 5 : 40 lb/ac / 0.015 lb/gal = 2,700 gal/ac If he chose to use K 2 O: 65 lb/ac / 0.019 lb/gal = 3,421 gal/ac

31. Determining Application Rate “P” Soil Test LevelApplication Criteria Bray-Kurtz P1 < 80 Lbs/Ac LOW POTENTIALN rate or P 2 O 5. Bray-Kurtz P1 80 – 200 Lbs/Ac MODERATE POTENTAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less. Bray-Kurtz P1 200-300 Lbs/Ac HIGH POTENTIAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less PLUS additional setback criteria from drainageway/water source/concentrated flow areas and/or other environmentally sensitive areas. Bray-Kurtz P1 > 300 Lbs/Ac VERY HIGH POTENTIALNo additional P 2 O 5 – Use P 2 O 5 Draw-down Strategies

32. Manure Nutrients

33. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

34. Manure Nutrients Applied Page 13 Example Manure Nutrient Values for field B1 are 11.25 lb/1000 gal of PAN, 15 lb/1000 gal P 2 O 5, and 19 lb/1000 of K 2 O. Dividing these by 1000 to achieve lb/gal or a PAN of 0.01125 lb/gal, P 2 O 5 of 0.015 lb/gal, and K 2 O of 0.019 lb/gal. The application rate calculated previously is 15,794 gal/ac but 13,000 gal/ac was applied. PAN: 0.00975 lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 127 lb/ac P 2 O 5 :0.015 lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 195 lb/ac K 2 O:0.019 lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 247 lb/ac

35. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

36. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √

37. Additional Nutrients Page 13 PSNT: Pre Side-dress Nitrogen Test Applicable for fields with history of manure application Designed to capture ON cycling Sample just prior to side-dress N application Indicator of NO 3 -N + NH 4 -N available 30 ppm sufficient PAN, low probability of yield response with additional N 0 – 30 ppm, higher probability of yield response with additional N

38. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √

39. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √ √

40. Page 14

41. Nutrient Carry-over Apply based on N needs of crop when applicable and P for rotation. 2.6 year carry-over means the need for more P is not likely for 2-3 years, but dependant upon crop rotation and soil test level.

42. E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs 160 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 13,000 -127 -195 -247 27 -155 -182 ton/ac gal/ac 0 0 0 D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed 2.6 2.8 √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √ √ √

43. K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11,833.11 M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

44. Backside of worksheet

45. Common Set-backs Page 15

46. Nutrient Worksheet √ K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11,833.11 M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

47. Page 18 Fertilizer value used June ‘09: Urea = $420/ton = $0.46/lb N DAP $500/ton = $0.37/lb P2O5 Potash $770/ton = $0.65/lb K2O $1,657 $3,419 $5,076

48. Nutrient Worksheet √ √ $5,076 K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11,833.11 M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

49. Page 19

50. Page 20

51. Manure Production Dry Cows Heifers 973, 090 13.62036599,280 gal 7.880365227,760 gal Does not include bedding or other additions to storage

53. Total Nutrients Available 973,090 gallons available  = $21,782 (PAN, P 2 O 5, K 2 O) Total PAN = 973.09 * 9.75 = 9,488 lb  9,488 / 160 = 60 ac  9,488 * $0.46/lb = $4,365 Total P 2 O 5 = 973.09 * 15 = 14,596 lb  14,596 / 60 = 243 ac  14,596 * $0.37/lb =$5,400 Total K 2 O = 973.09 * 19 = 18,489 lb  18,489/ 65 = 285 ac  18,489 *$0.65 = $12,018

54. Manure Application Records Field record book  Emergency contact information  Spill response information  Equipment information  Detailed ‘day-of-application’ information  Winter application guidelines

55. Break  Pick up pencil + calculator

56. Corn Silage Example Change planned crop to Corn Silage (26 T/ac) following Grain Corn (160 bu/ac) Application (April-June) with direct inject/incorporate.

57. Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

58. Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil Test2022242628 ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) 1 115125130135140 10 (20)90100105110115 15-30 (30-60) 2 6575808590 35 (70)3540 45 40 (80)00000 Page 8

59. Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Table 16: Corn Silage K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil test K2022242628 ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) 1 300 75 (150)280295300 100(200)230245260280295 125 (250) 2 180195210230245 145 (290)110120125135145 165 (330)3540 4550 175 (350)00000 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range. Page 10

60. Time of Year page 5

61. Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page 3 62575%33%12.75 April/June

62. Heritage Lane Dairy Dairy 19 12.75 15

63. 190 85 230 -6 -20 0 184 65 230 13,000 -166-195-247 18 -130-17 000 Heritage Lane Dairy 1.5 0 E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed

64. Manure Value Change What is the per acre change in manure nutrient value when the application period changes from Sept-Oct to April-June? Only PAN changed.  9.75 lb/1,000 gal (Sept-Oct)  12.8 lb/1,000 gal (April-June) 12.8 – 9.75 = 3.05 lb/1,000 gal Price of N = $0.65/unit of N  3.05 units * $0.65 = $1.98/1,000 gal  $18.83 - $25.77 / acre (9.5 – 13k gal/ac)

65. Summary Balanced nutrient inputs to match crop nutrient needs + soil resources(?)  Soil test is necessary for full utilization of nutrient inputs. Application of nutrients beyond crop needs and soil carrying capacity increases risk of nutrient moving off-site.  Economic loss ($$$)  When, where, how and how much are important questions to ask.

66. Summary Nutrient sampling/testing is necessary to “fine-tune” a nutrient management program.  Testing provides you a tool to make an “educated guess.” Nutrient management workbook used as a tool to:  Verify current nutrient management practices.  Identify more efficiently uses of on-farm nutrients.  others

67. Questions Amanda Meddles, meddles.14@osu.edu, 614-292-6625 meddles.14@osu.edu Jon Rausch, rausch.7@osu.edurausch.7@osu.edu, 614-292-4504 www.oema.osu.edu