1. Weather forecasting EG1204 Earth Systems Dr Jonathan Lageard

2. Weather ‘Overall state of the atmosphere on a time-scale of minutes to months’ Thomas & Goudie, 2000 p527 Weather describes specific conditions rain, temperatures, dew-point, wind speed and direction, visibility… Weather forecasting ‘The science of predicting the future state of the atmosphere from very short periods of less than one hour up to 7-10 days ahead’ Thomas & Goudie, 2000 p527

3. Climatic regions / climate graphs Mid-latitude weather (UK) Weather monitoring / forecasting Weather & climate practical content

4. Global temperature patterns (Jan) Barry & Chorley 2003 p43 Global rainfall patterns Holden, 2005 p39 Holden 2005, p30 Hadley cell regime Thompson 1998, p

5. Source Flohn 1957 in Barry & Chorley, 1996 p340

6. Cool Antarctica, 2007 Climate graphs Landes-Pyrenees Properties, 2007 London climate graph

7. Weather maps Air Ministry 1941. The Weather Map. London, HMSO Stirling, 1997 p25 Synoptic weather chart, Met Office 2000

8. Stirling, 1997 p28 Weather systems

9. Air masses: Source regions Fronts Jetstreams Aerospace Technology, 2007

10. Mid-latitude weather (UK) Model of N hemisphere atmospheric circulation Thompson 1998 p107 based on Hanwell 1980

11. Depressions (cyclonic systems) a) cross-sectional model STAGES: Embryo: Tm & Pm air mix warm air less dense rises in spiral Low Pressure Mature: Pressure falls warm air rises in warm sector winds inward blowing anticlockwise Coriolis force Decay: Cold front catches warm front = Occlusion b) plan form / synoptic chart

12. What does a depression look like? Met Office, 2007

13. Weather associated with the passage of a depression Waugh 1995, p215 Cloud patterns associated with a depression Thompson, 1998 p151

14. Depression tracks (courses) Stirling, 1997 p30 North Sea storm surge 31st January to 1st February 1953 Impacts: coastal areas UK, Belgium & Netherlands Economic damage and community disruption 2,000+ people died across the three countries. JonkmanJonkman SN & Kelman I, 2005Kelman

15. Anticylcones Large masses of subsiding warm dry air (settled weather) winds outward-blowing, clockwise Associated weather Summer: hot days (heatwave), rapidly cooling night, land-sea breezes, temperature inversions Winter: similar, but cold / snow, fog / frost Stirling, 1997 p28

16. Weather system terminology Musk, 1988

17. Weather forecasting: tools / data Met Office, 2007 Met station, Muckross House, Killarney NP

18. Instruments: Met Office, 2007

19. Met Office, 2007

20. Satellite images http://www.metoffice.co.uk/ Met Office, 2007 UK observations regional map (Met Office, 2007)

21. Met Office, 2007

22. ‘We interrupt TMS to bring you the following gale warning issued by the Met office at 17.25 GMT Wedesday 14 th March…’

23. Directed reading: Mountain weather / local climates – Holden 2005 pp80-96 UK weather system variants Met Office 2007 – Learning – Weather resources – Higher - weather systems Hurricanes (storm of 1987 – Met Office, 2007, Barry & Chorley 2003 pp269-275)

24. Suggested reading Barry RG & Chorley RJ 2003. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (8 th Edition). London, Routledge. Earth Science and Geography, Keele University 2007. The Weather at Keele (Keele Weather station). http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/weather/ (accessed 13.3.07) http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/weather/ Holden J (Ed) 2005. An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment. Harlow, Pearson. (Atmospheric processes, global climates, local & regional climates pp27-96). Met Office 2007. Met Office homepage. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/index.html (accessed 12.3.07) Folllow links to Learning – Weather resources - Higher http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/index.html O’Hare G, Sweeney J & Wilby R 2005. Weather, Climate and Climate Change. Harlow, Pearson. Stirling R 1997. The Weather of Britain. Routledge. Thomas DSG and Goudie A 2000. The Dictionary of Physical Geography. Oxford, Blackwell. Thompson RD 1998. Atmospheric Processes and Systems. London, Routledge.