1. Infrastructure Management H. Scott Matthews January 13, 2003

2. What is Infrastructure?  “A civilization’s rise and fall is linked to its ability to feed and shelter its people and to defend itself. These capabilities depend on infrastructure - the underlying, often hidden foundation of a society’s wealth and quality of life. A society that neglects its infrastructure loses the ability to transport people and food, provide clean air and water, control diseases, and conduct commerce.”  NSF, ‘Civil Infrastructure Systems Research’, 1994.

3. What is Infrastructure? (2)  “The nation’s infrastructure is its system of public facilities, both publicly and privately funded, which provide for the delivery of essential services and a sustained standard of living. This interdependent, yet self- contained, set of structures provides for mobility, shelter, services, and utilities… America’s infrastructure is the base upon which society rests. Its condition affects our lifestyles and security and each is threatened by its unanswered decay.”  Associated General Contractors of America, 1982.

4. Milestones in (U.S.) History  Has generally paralleled economic development  Roads  Railroads  Telegraph/ Telephone  Sewer/Water Supply Systems (1800-1850)  First federal highway funds (1918)  Franklin Roosevelt - public works funding (1930)  Interstate Highway System (1950)

5. Overview of Infrastructures ElectricTransport TelecomWater

6. Overview of Infrastructures Source: DOE 2001

7. What is Infra. Mgmt.?  Administrative process of creating, planning, and maintaining our infrastructures  An integrated, inter-disciplinary process that ensures infrastructure performance over its life cycle  Life cycle is entire time from design through decommissioning

8. Overall Framework Program/Network/ System Level Project Level In-Service Monitoring & Evaluation Database

9. Program/System Level  Data (location, performance, evaluation)  Deficiencies/Needs (current, future)  Alternatives and Analyses  Priorities Financing Budgets Policies Exogenous Factors

10. Project/Section Level  Data (materials, loads, flows, costs, etc.)  Detailed Design  Construction  Maintenance Standards/ Specifications Budget Limit Environmental Constraints

11. Ideal System  Would coordinate and enable the execution of all activities  Maximizes use and expenditure of resources  Maximize performance of assets  Serve all management levels

12. Key Issues  Decay and deterioration (condition, failure)  Lack of maintenance/renovation (build, build, build!)  Scarcity of financing (federal gov’t funds projects of national/interstate importance - states left to build the rest; money tends to be for construction and not maintenance; lots of infrastructure needs - which ones are #1 priority?)  Inadequate reporting and accounting

13. Where Does Engineering Help?  Systems engineering perspective!  Framing of problem  Using quantitative tools to solve it  Tools: uncertainty/risk analysis  Optimization via LP, Probabilistic, etc.  Both parts are important

14. CONTEXT (Tech./Social/Political Environment) PROBLEM RECOGNITION (Reviews, Prelim. Assessments) PROBLEM DEFINITION (Objectives, Constraints, Decisions) GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS/EVALUATION/ OPTIMIZATION IMPLEMENTATION (Schedules, Activities, Documentation) Periodic In-Service Monitoring & Evaluation

15. Tools for Optimization  Mathematical Programming  LP (min/max with constraints), etc.  Heuristics  Probabilistic  Graphical (e.g. Scheduling Charts)