1. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef 1 Networking Trends Habib Youssef, Ph.D. youssef@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa Department of Computer Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

2. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef2 Overview l Network Convergence »Growth in Network Usage »Application Trends »Bandwidth Requirements »Standardization »Result: Network Convergence »Converged Network Architecture l Consequences of Convergence »Policy Based Management

3. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef3 Growth in Network Usage l World wide web has permanently changed networking. l Millions of individual users access the internet from home regularly l Home offices are on the increase l Businesses are using the Internet for commerce. l Increasingly, individual organizations are maintaining their own intranets

4. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef4 Internet User Growth 199620001999199819971995 l World Wide Web Users in Millions

5. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef5 Current Trends in Applications l Web pages now provide animated graphics, audio & video. l Ease of use is expected of applications. l Number of functions are expected from a single application (e.g., Web browsing, Mailing, Calendaring etc.). l Diverse data types are expected to be handled by a single application (e.g., Documents embedding spread sheets, graphics, voice etc.)

6. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef6 Future Trends in Applications l Entertainment on demand »Movies, TV shows, Sports …. on demand l Video conferencing l Online publishing »Majority of books & other publications will be online l Electronic banking & cash »Electronic banking will displace checks & cash in commerce l Telecommuting »Employees will perform jobs from remote locations l Electronic sales »Goods & services will be sold by web l Distance learning

7. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef7 Predicted Bandwidth Requirements WWW Internet Video Two-way MPEG/ Video Conferencing Telecommuting Internet/FTP

8. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef8 Technology Trends l Devices capable of integrating a number of technologies are being designed and produced e.g. a single switch may interface ATM, FDDI, fast Ethernet. l Layer 2 and Layer 3 (IP switches) are being designed and produced. l To meet increased bandwidth needs and application sophistication new standards are being proposed. l Devices capable of prioritizing and filtering are becoming available.

9. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef9 Technology Essential Technology characteristics to support future applications l Manageability »Policy responsive network, administrative partitioning l Scalability »Cost effective growth, bandwidth on demand, Usage & application based prioritization, multi vendor solutions l Reliability »Utility like uptime, self healing networks, embedded security enforcement l Next generation features & services »Advanced application functionality, ability to easily create new applications & services

10. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef10 Standardization Efforts l Standards are necessary to maintain flexibility & to avoid the clutches of proprietary designs. Some forthcoming standards: l ITU: H323 »Supports packet switched networks to carry telephony traffic l IEEE: 802.1p, 802.1Q »Support prioritization of data traffic at layer 2, this enables QoS l IETF: RTP, ISLL, RTSP »Real-time Transport Protocol, Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers & Real-Time Streaming Protocol enable IP networks to carry multimedia traffic

11. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef11 Case Example Head Office Network Internet Branch Office Network Branch Office Network Leased Line/ VPN Leased Line / VPN Leased Line/ VPN Why should the company pay for separate inter- branch telephone charges when the VPN could carry voice traffic?

12. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef12 Result : Network Convergence Converged networking is an emerging technology thrust that integrates voice, video & data traffic over a single network

13. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef13 Network Convergence Network Convergence entails convergence in various aspects e.g. l Payload Convergence »Different data types are carried in same communications format (e.g., layer 1 audio & video streams as well as layer 3 packets may be carried in layer3 datagrams ) l Protocol Convergence »The move is away from multi-protocols to a single protocol namely IP l Physical Convergence »All payloads travel over the same physical network (QoS & CoS may however be used to differentiate service requirements

14. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef14 Network Convergence (Contd..) l Device Convergence »A single switch may support Ethernet packet forwarding, IP routing, ATM etc. l Application Convergence »A single application integrates formerly separate functions (e.g., Web pages allow interactive communication) l Technology Convergence »Same technology (e.g., ATM) is used for both LANs & WANs l Organizational Convergence »Centralization of networking, telecommunication & computing services under a single authority

15. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef15 Converged Network Architecture l A large converged network will probably be composed of LANs and WANs l They will not be homogenous networks, due to: »Differing economic and performance requirements over LANs and WANs »Differing bandwidth, delay and jitter requirements l Two possible scenarios are presented.

16. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef16 Converged Network Example 1 l Edge network: Switched or routed Ethernet l Core Network: ATM or Frame Relay etc. LAN Edge Network WAN core network

17. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef17 Converged Network Example 2 l Parallel core networks l Traffic is filtered into different service classes at exit from LAN, and routed via different networks: »Connection oriented ATM for multimedia traffic »Packet switched WAN for bursty LAN traffic LAN Edge Network ATM Packet Switched WAN

18. April 1999Networking Trends/Habib Youssef18 Summary Technology Deregulation/ Convergence User Growth & Appl. Sophistication Standardization Evolution in Network And Services Explosive increase in Transmission Bit Rates And Switching Capacities Abundant Computing power, DSP, Compression etc. Distributed operating systems, Middleware, Intelligent agents, Real time database systems. Globalization, Deregulation Increased competition, Partnerships Rapid introduction of Revenue generating services Anytime, Anywhere, Anymedia connectivity, transparency, Flexibility, manageability, Reliability