1. The Use of the Tablet PC to Support Collaborative Learning Donald George

2. Overview Predominant Uses of the Tablet PC in education to date Areas worthy of greater investigation Advantages of the Tablet PC A Tablet PC CSCL Evaluation Framework The Role of Grounding in CSCL A Tablet PC Framework Synthesis Future Research Research Questions

3. Predominant Uses of the Tablet PC in education to date: Main areas: Lecturing Note Taking Collaborative Learning Teacher-Student and Student-Student Interaction Grading and Assessment

4. Summary of Reviewed Literature Addressing Various TPC Uses In Education Lecturing- Presentation Note-TakingCollaborative Learning Teacher- Student Interaction Student- Student Interaction Grading & Assessment 63%40%33%43%47%27% Note categories are not mutually exclusive

5. Does the Tablet PC afford any advantages to CSCL? Digital Ink Free-hand drawing Impromptu annotation and markup Flexible expression/communication (Text and/or Ink) Portability

6. How can we determine the impact of these advantages for CSCL? 11 Constructs from the Literature Perceived Ease of Use Perceived Usefulness Intention to use Self Efficacy Motivation Enjoyment Perceived Learning Outcomes Time Management (Efficiency) Collective Efficacy Communication Grounding (?)

7. A proposed research framework for examining CSCL with Tablet PCs 4 Construct Groupings  Acceptance-Related  Psychological-Related  Outcomes-Related  Interaction-Related

8. Acceptance Related Constructs The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis,1989) Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness Intention to use

9. Psychological Constructs Based in part on Venkatesh (2000) extensions to TAM Self Efficacy Motivation Enjoyment

10. Outcomes Related Constructs Perceived Learning Outcomes Time Management (Efficiency)

11. Interaction Related constructs Collective Efficacy Communication Grounding – a pervasive and intervening construct

12. Significant Correlations Two semesters of pilot testing Significant correlations amongst 10 constructs Grounding has yet to be tested

13. What is grounding? mutual understanding Collaborating Individuals (agents) Tools (used in collaborating) Goals and setting of the activity

14. Baker et al (1999) framework for analyzing the role of grounding in CSCL

15. A proposed extension of the Baker et al (1999) framework

16. Future Research Test the model to incorporate grounding

17. Research Questions As compared with primarily text-based CSCL approaches Does the TPC bring any advantages to CSCL? Task type - what types of CSCL tasks would be best served by Tablet use? What impact does the TPC have on grounding when used for CSCL? Synchronous or Asynchronous? What impact?

18. Thank You! Questions? Suggestions?

19. References Baker, M., Hansen, T., Joiner, R., & Traum, D. (1999). The role of grounding in collaborative learning tasks. In Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches: Elsevier Science/Pergamon Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 318-340. Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model. Info. Sys. Research, 11(4), 342-365.