1. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Beginning of Absaroka Sequence Regression of Kaskaskia Erosion took place Large regional unconformity

2. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Beginning of Absaroka Sequence Seas of Absaroka encroach in in Middle Penns. Deposits to east are thicker Terrestrial ss, sh, coal beds

3. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Pennsylvanian Cyclothems Transgressive-regressive events Alternation between marine and nonmarine sediments Represents a change in depositional environment caused by a single advance and retreat of sea

4. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Pennsylvanian Cyclothems

5. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Pennsylvanian Cyclothems Correlated over large areas 50 cyclothems recorded in Missouri and Kansas All about 750 m in thickness, 1000’s of kilometers 2 Eustatic sea level change caused by advance and retreat of continental glaciers

6. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

7. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies Fountain Formation – Flatirons, Boulder, CO

8. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

9. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

10. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies Paradox Valley CO-UT

11. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

12. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

13. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ancestral Rockies

14. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ouachita Mountains

15. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ouachita Mountains

16. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Southwest Portion of Craton Ouachita Mountains Mississippi Embayment Southern Appalachians

17. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Calamites, L Lepidodendron, M Sigillaria, A

18. Reconstructions of Lepidodendron (far left, Late Carboniferous, ~50 m tall), Sigillaria (left, Late Carboniferous, ~40 m,), Valmeyerodendron (middle top, Early Carboniferous, 0.6 m), Protolepidodendron (top right, Middle Devonian, 0.2 m), Chaloneria (bottom middle, Late Carboniferous, 2 m), Pleuromeia (bottom right, Triassic, 2 m) and Isoetes (bottom far right, extant, 30 cm).

19. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian

20. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian

21. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Insects

22. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Mazon Creek IL Fern Lepidodendron

23. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Joggins, NS

24. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Joggins, NS plants

25. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Joggins, NS first reptiles

26. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Joggins, NS insects

27. THE PENNSYLVANIAN The Age of Coal Swamps Life in the Pennsylvanian Lagerstatten Joggins, NS First terrestrial gastropods

28. THE PERMIAN The Age of Pangaea Named for Permia, an ancient kingdom between the Urals and the Volga River Named by Murchison in 1841

29. THE PERMIAN

30. Alleghenian Orogeny continues

31. THE PERMIAN Sonoman Orogeny

32. THE PERMIAN

35. El Capitan Capitan Ls. Guadalupe Mountains, TX

36. THE PERMIAN Castille Fm. evaporited Guadalupe Mountains, TX

37. THE PERMIAN Reptiles Dimetrodon Mammal-like Reptiles

38. THE PERMIAN Eggs Amniotic egg allowed Organisms to become terrestrial

39. THE PERMIAN Plants Glossopteris

40. THE PERMIAN Permian Extinction

41. THE TRIASSIC The Break-up of Pangaea Three-fold division of rocks in Germany Named by Frederich von Alberti in 1834

42. THE TRIASSIC

43. Absaroka Sea continues to retreat Triassic is very terrestrial Period

44. THE TRIASSIC

48. Joshua Chamberlain, left Little Round Top, Battle of Gettysburg 3 July, 1863

49. THE TRIASSIC Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park

50. THE TRIASSIC Chinle Formation, Painted Desert

51. THE TRIASSIC Triassic Reptiles Mammal-like

52. THE TRIASSIC Triassic Reptiles Diversification of dinosaurs Coelophysis Dilophosaurus

53. THE TRIASSIC First Marine Reptiles

54. THE TRIASSIC Mammals Evolve