1. 1 Ubiquitous Computing CS376 Reading Summary Taemie Kim

2. 2 Readings The Computer for the 21st Century, Mark Weiser, Scientific American, September 1991, pp. 94-104 Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing, Gregory D. Abowd and Elizabeth D. Mynatt, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, March 2000, pp. 29-58

3. 3 Disappearing Technology The most profound technologies are those that disappear –Writing technology Books, magazines and candy wrappers –Silicon Based information technology Hard to ignore the computer part Only when things disappear are we freed to use them without thinking about them The Computer for the 21 st Century

4. 4 How will computers Disappear? Not just about the User Interface - customizing current PC’s will not solve the problem Computers adapting to human environment and vanish into the background Cheap, small computers everywhere The Computer for the 21 st Century

5. 5 Location & Scale Computers need to know where they are - can adapt its behavior without AI Different sizes of computers - Tabs - Pads - Boards The Computer for the 21 st Century

6. 6 Technologies Needed – #1 The Computer for the 21 st Century Cheap Low-power computers w/ displays - Higher resolution displays Pads: 640x480  3,840x2,400 (204dpi) Boards: 40”x60” (17dpi)  6’x3.5’ (64dpi) Tabs:  2.2” (388dpi) - High CPU speeds - Memory storage

7. 7 Technologies Needed - #2 The Computer for the 21 st Century Network that ties them together - Challenges in designing OS Shared Windows… - Networking Tiny range wirelss Long range wireless High speed wired

8. 8 Technologies Needed - #3 The Computer for the 21 st Century Software implementing ubiquitous systems - Sally’s day Coffee Machine Augmented Reality Tagged objects Cooperative work History capture and Access

9. 9 Social Issues The Computer for the 21 st Century Privacy –Hundreds of computer all capable of sensing  well implemented version of ubiquitous computing could even afford better privacy protection than today  build computer systems to have same privacy safeguards as the real world - Jim Morris CMU

10. 10 Wrap up The Computer for the 21 st Century Machines that fit the human environment, instead of forcing humans to enter theirs Being surrounded by computers has to be no more intimidating than walking in the woods Ubiquitous computing will be the dominant mode of computer access over the next 20 years

11. 11 Charting Past, Present and Future Charting Past, Present, and Future After 9 years, –What has been done and What more?

12. 12 Theme #1: Natural Interfaces Charting Past, Present, and Future Off the desktop How people interact with the physical world 2 issues for natural interface development - First-class natural data type - Error-handling

13. 13 Theme #2: Context-Aware Computing Charting Past, Present, and Future Position, Identity, Time, History, people… : Who, What, Where, When, Why… How to represent, sense Context Context-aware + Natural interaction  Augmented Reality

14. 14 Theme #3: Capture and Access Charting Past, Present, and Future Automatic Capture : Individual or Group Access (playback) : real-time or controllable : synchronization of multiple captured information

15. 15 Everyday Computing Charting Past, Present, and Future Scaling in Time “24-7” - No beginning, no end - Multiple activities operate concurrently - Focusing on longer-term activities Research Directions - Continuously present interface - Different levels of periphery - Connecting physical and virtual world

16. 16 Evaluating Ubicomp Systems Charting Past, Present, and Future Finding a Human need Evaluating in the context of authentic use Task centric evaluation technique

17. 17 Social Issues Charting Past, Present, and Future Provide clear indication of sensing or recording Allowing control over sensing and distribution Forget some parts Benefits vs. Cost Privacy

18. 18 Wrap Up Charting Past, Present, and Future Goal of UbiComp – provide many single-activity interactions that together promote a unified and continuous interaction between humans and computers