1. Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon

2. SOURCES
Jones, The Art of War in the Western World, pp ,
Preston and Wise, Men In Arms, pp
Keegan, The Face of Battle, pp

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of Tours
Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism
Comprehend the Battle of Hastings
Know the influence of religious and technological factors on the Crusades
Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow and the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowder

4. The Franks Germanic group
Moved into Roman Gaul around 460 a.d. after the victory
Initially primitive but effective infantry force
Weapons included javelins, swords, daggers and battle axes

5. FRANKISH DYNASTY
The King continued his reign by only allowing his son to rule after him.
This established a society of noblemen and commoners or peasants
                                                                                 

6. Charles Martel Nicknamed “Hammer” Granted land in exchange for support
Defeated Muslims at Tours, halting the Muslim advance.

7. BATTLE OF TOURS 732 Muslims moving West from Spain
Hammer’s infantry and cavalry vs Muslim infantry
Stalemate until Moslem emperor was killed.
Defeat effectively ended the Moslem advance

8. King Charlemagne Hammer’s Grandson Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
First Roman on the throne in 300 years
Feudalism, Christ and Calvary

9. FEUDALISM
Vassalage- a system where land is offered in return for protection or service.
Charlemagne required newly conquered lands to provide soldiers to his army dependent on the size of the area of the townships.
Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of senators.

10. Frankish Cavalry Calvary increased under Charlemagne
Stirrup introduced in early 800s
Began shift in focus that ended with cavalry as the primary arm by 900
Now the Knight rode an armored horse into battle

11. The Fall of Charlemagne
After his death his empire fell, partly because of a civil war among the people
Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Arabs, the Magyars, and The Vikings
The Vikings (Normans) became the dominant power in the land

12. WILLIAM THE CONQUERER King of the Normans Crowned on his 18th birthday
Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed him on the throne of England but the people chose Harold of Essex so…

13. BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066 William the Conqueror
Normans considered best horsemen
12 K Calvary
20 K infantry
Harold of Essex
Had a foothold and fortification
25 k infantry

14. BASICS OF HASTINGS Crossbow developed Penetrated knights armor
Harold countermarches to meet William
Normans under William destroyed the English due to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire”
Crossbow developed
Penetrated knights armor
Required transition from chain mail to armor

16. CRUSADES
TO RID THE “HOLY LANDS” OF THE CONTROL OF MOHAMMED AND THE MOSLEMS
8 CRUSADES IN TOTAL
MUCH DEATH

17. Richard I “LIONHEART” Set out to recover Jerusalem
Developed new defensive tactic to deal with horse archers
Pikes in front
Ranks of crossbowmen
Offensive
Combined-arms task organization
Delayed action to train together
Sea-based logistics
Light-fighters
Contingency plan

18. Demise of Feudalism Used long pikes to withstand the calvary charge
Halberd- weapon designed to unseat the horsemen
Longbow- twice as powerful as crossbow

19. GUNPOWDER Changed castle warfare forever Invention of the cannon
Castle walls crumbled under cannonball fire
Most castles reduced to ruble
Video-8min (Feudal SOG)
                          
                               

20. Horsemen Undone
Heavier armor to withstand the blow of a high powered arrow
Too heavy- lost mobility if knocked off the horse
Heavy Calvary horse carried 150 pounds plus rider and armor

21. SUMMARY FRANKS MARTEL/TOURS CHARLEMAGNE CRUSADES WILLIAM
BATTLE OF HASTINGS
KNIGHTS ARMOR
WEAPONS

22. QUESTIONS?