1. 1 Introduction to IEEE Standardization Hang Liu

2. 2 IEEE Standard Association [1] Standards Activities Board 802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet 802.5 Token Passing Ring 802.11 Wireless LAN 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access 802.19 Co-existence TAG Sponsor IEEE 802 Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LMSC) Sponsor 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access 802.21 Media Independent Handoff 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks Wired Wireless

3. 3 Standardization Process Disclaimer: The flowcharts for IEEE standardization process are based on the author’s understanding, not official IEEE Policies and Procedures Incubation: Present initial Ideas for a standard or improvement to a standard (e.g. IEEE 802.11 WNG SC) Request to form a Study Group Form an ad-hoc group to continue to discuss ideas and gain interests Approved by Working Group (>=75%) & ExeCom? SG: gain support, prepare and submit a PAR to become a Task Group PAR Approved by WG (>=75%), ExeCom, NESCom? TG: Debate technology, write a draft standard Address comments & revision No Yes

4. 4 Draft Standard Development in TG Define usage model, requirements, proposal down- selection procedure, call for proposals Proposal presentations, merge, and down-selection Call for Proposals Baseline document Each Document Passage requires 75% or greater approval Approval (>= 75%) Draft Refinement and Letter Ballot Recirculation Sponsor Ballot Yes No Refine/enhance the draft baseline and resolve the comments (features could be added/deleted/changed) Yes WG Letter Ballot Approval? ReVCom Standard Resolve comments No

5. 5 Proposal Down-Selection Process: Example 1 1 st round proposal presentations and voting Bottom 25%? Yes No Out 2 st round proposal presentations and voting Support Votes >= 50%? No Out Confirmation vote on the final proposal as baseline draft (>=75%)? Final two or three most popular proposals come back, compete and merge Yes No 3 st round proposal presentations (normally 2 or 3 merged proposals left) Yes Most supported proposal? One winning proposal Yes No Out Baseline document

6. 6 Proposal Down-Selection Process: Example 2 Define a baseline ToC according to requirements Present the proposal + proposed text Support Votes >= 75%? No Out Incorporate into the baseline Yes

7. 7 Modify the Baseline Submit a comment on the baseline Present the modification + proposed text Support Votes >= 75%? No Out Incorporate the proposed change into the baseline Yes

8. 8 Voting Rights [1], [2] 2 types of meeting sessions Plenary: 3 sessions per calendar year (March, July, November) Organized by IEEE 802 Interim: 3 sessions per calendar year (January, May, September) Organized by working group and sponsored by a host IEEE 802.11/.15/.18/.22 IEEE 802.16 Voting rights can be earned by participation in 2 of the last 4 consecutive plenary sessions or 1 plenary and 1 interim. Voting rights are only granted in “Plenary Sessions”. Definition of participation Must be present in at least 75% of ALL meetings in a session

9. 9 Maintain Voting Right [1] Loose the Voting Right by one of the following Fail to participate at least 2 out of 4 consecutive Plenary sessions Participation is to attend 75% of ALL meetings within a session May substitute one Interim session for Plenary Fail to respond and vote on 2 out of 3 mandatory WG letter ballots Fail to pay either Interim or Plenary conference fees

10. 10 Highlights of the IEEE Patent Policy [2] [5] Participants have a duty to tell the IEEE if they know (based on personal awareness) of potentially Essential Patent Claims they or their employer own Participants are encouraged to tell the IEEE if they know of potentially Essential Patent Claims owned by others This encouragement is particularly strong as the third party may not be a participant in the standards process Working Group is required to request assurance Early assurance is encouraged Terms of assurance shall be either: Reasonable and nondiscriminatory, with or without monetary compensation; or, A statement of non-assertion of patent rights Assurances Shall be provided on the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved LOA form May optionally include not-to-exceed rates, terms, and conditions Shall not be circumvented through sale or transfer of patents Shall be brought to the attention of any future assignees or transferees Shall apply to Affiliates unless explicitly excluded Are irrevocable once submitted and accepted Shall be supplemented if Submitter becomes aware of other potential Essential Patent Claims A “Blanket Letter of Assurance” may be provided at the option of the patent holder A patent holder has no duty to perform a patent search Full policy available at http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6

11. 11 IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws on Patents in Standards [2] [5] 6.2 Policy IEEE standards may be drafted in terms that include the use of Essential Patent Claims. If the IEEE receives notice that a [Proposed] IEEE Standard may require the use of a potential Essential Patent Claim, the IEEE shall request licensing assurance, on the IEEE Standards Board approved Letter of Assurance form, from the patent holder or patent applicant. The IEEE shall request this assurance without coercion. The Submitter of the Letter of Assurance may, after Reasonable and Good Faith Inquiry, indicate it is not aware of any Patent Claims that the Submitter may own, control, or have the ability to license that might be or become Essential Patent Claims. If the patent holder or patent applicant provides an assurance, it should do so as soon as reasonably feasible in the standards development process once the PAR is approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board. This assurance shall be provided prior to the Standards Board’s approval of the standard. This assurance shall be provided prior to a reaffirmation/stabilization if the IEEE receives notice of a potential Essential Patent Claim after the standard’s approval or a prior reaffirmation/stabilization. An asserted potential Essential Patent Claim for which an assurance cannot be obtained (e.g., a Letter of Assurance is not provided or the Letter of Assurance indicates that assurance is not being provided) shall be referred to the Patent Committee. A Letter of Assurance shall be either: a) A general disclaimer to the effect that the Submitter without conditions will not enforce any present or future Essential Patent Claims against any person or entity making, using, selling, offering to sell, importing, distributing, or implementing a compliant implementation of the standard; or b) A statement that a license for a compliant implementation of the standard will be made available to an unrestricted number of applicants on a worldwide basis without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination. At its sole option, the Submitter may provide with its assurance any of the following: (i) a not-to-exceed license fee or rate commitment, (ii) a sample license agreement, or (iii) one or more material licensing terms.

12. 12 References [1] IEEE 802.11-04/422r7, “New Participant Orientation” [2] IEEE 802.11-08/0333r0 “General 802.11-Opening- Presentation” [3] “IEEE Project 802 LMSC Policies and Procedures,” http://standards.ieee.org/board/ LMSC.pdf http://standards.ieee.org/board/ LMSC.pdf [4] IEEE 802.11-11-07-0360-04, “IEEE 802.11 Working Group Policies and Procedures” [5] IEEE Patent Policy, http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat- slideset.ppt http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat- slideset.ppt